從《詩經》看西周末年以迄春秋中葉期間分封制、宗法制、井田制的動搖

The Corrosion of the Feudal, Clan and Well-field Systems in China from the Eighth to the Fifth, Centuries B.C.-as Reflected in the Shih-ching

李家樹(K.S. Lee)

《中國文化研究所學報》 19卷 (1988/01) Pp. 191-216

https://doi.org/10.29708/JCS.CUHK.198801_19.0012

並列摘要

This article is written as a sequel to a previous paper entitled ＂The Features of the Early Chou Society as seen from the Shih-ching-and a Study of the Nature and Form of Society of the Western Chou＂ 從《詩經》中看早周社會的面貌－並論西周社會性質問題 (The Journal of the Institute of Chinese Studies of The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Vol.17 [1986], pp 163-201), and it is basically an attempt to look at the radical changes that took place in society from the latter half of the Western Chou to the mid Spring and Autumn period with special reference to the Shih-ching. The evidence from the Shih-ching, as well as from other documentary and archaeological sources prove, collectively, that the feudal order with a hierarchy of feudal classes, the superstructure of fiefs and clans and the ＂well-field (井田)＂ economic system in existence during the Western Chou in China gradually declined from the late Western Chou period onwards. This finding constitutes a key to the periodization of ancient Chinese history. If ＂feudal society＂ in China declined only from the late Western Chou period onwards, there must have been in existence in China, before that period, a feudal society at its preliminary stage and this points to the fact that the arguments put forth by the ＂feudal society＂ school that the Western Chou was a feudal society are more convincing than those presented by the ＂slave society＂ school. It is impossible for the latter to explain why a feudal society at its preliminary stage was missing in China when, according to them, the slave society lingered on after the conquest of the Shang.