臺灣貧窮家庭的社會支持：兩個低收入戶樣本的分析

Social Support of Poor Families in Taiwan: An Analysis of Two Low-Income Household Samples

蔡明璋(Ming-Chang Tsai) ； 倪家欣(Chia-Hsin Ni)

《研究台灣》 6期 (2010/12) Pp. 83-112

https://doi.org/10.6456/JTS.201012.0085

摘要

社會支持對於幫助減緩底層階級的生活壓力有重要的作用，但是對於目前台灣貧窮家庭所獲得的支持及模式，學界的研究並不多。本文試圖藉由家庭結構、居住的穩定程度、及地方政府資源分析貧窮家庭的社會支持情況，使用的資料來自2001年與2004年臺閩地區低收入戶生活狀況調查報告分析的抽樣樣本。這兩份資料提供了低收入戶獲得補助的資訊、支持來源（家庭以外的支持）、緊急求助對象三個層面的社會支持。分析結果顯示，台灣的貧窮家庭相當依賴在地的與強連繫所提供的社會支持。單親家庭求助於政府救濟機構的比例較高，顯示單親家庭較容易接近正式機構的社會支持。居住穩定性與地緣關係的資訊支持有正向關係。地方經費愈多的縣市愈容易取得正式機構的社會支持。本研究亦發現當貧窮家戶接近正式支持時，將不利於獲取非正式支持的社會支持，顯示政府與民間的支援具有相對互補性。

關鍵字

低收入家庭 ； 社會支持 ； 政府政策 ； 台灣

並列摘要

Social support plays a critical role in smoothing everyday stresses for low-income families. How the poor families in Taiwan obtained such social support had yet received insufficient research attention. To fill this gap, this paper used the samples from the 2001 and 2004 surveys of the Life Conditions of Low-income households of Taiwan Area to investigate low-income families' sources of policy informations, extra-familial supports, and the types of help accessed in emergency. Our empirical analysis shows that low-income families rely much on social supports provided from local sources as well as from strong social ties. Single-parent families are more likely to use government assistances as they more often access formal institutions. Residential stability is found to positive with associate with accessing policy informations. Financial strength of the local government facilitates poor families' obtaining formal supports. Their usage of formal supports, however, lowers their probability of accessing informal supports, revealing that the supports from the government and those from private charities do not overlap.

並列關鍵字

low-income family ； social support ； government policy ； Taiwan