This article explores, from the perspectives of ethnomusicology and participant observation, the survival and development of professional Chinese orchestra and alternative Chinese orchestra in Taiwan. On the basis of Western theoretic composition, the author analyzes the topics resulting from the development of symphonized Chinese orchestra and symphonized composition. As regards alternative Chinese orchestras, they are observed through the operation of Ten-Han Chinese Orchestra. The main discussions are divided into two. One is the survival and development of professional Chinese orchestra and alternative Chinese orchestra. The other is the trend of symphonized composition of Chinese orchestra. These discussions mainly focus on professional symphonized orchestras.