憲法「國家緊急權」之實施與規範

The Implementation of "State's Emergency Power" and the Design of Rules of Law

陳青田(Ching-Tian Chen)

《稻江學報》 6卷1&2期 (2012/11) Pp. 53-65

https://doi.org/10.7018/JTU.201211.0053

摘要

國家緊急權是民主憲政國家為鞏固國權並保障民權，於緊急狀態發生時所採取的應變制度。因此，對於法治國而言，其權力行使，僅能於危機發生時，一旦危機消失，其權力亦須立即終止。過去台灣長期戒嚴，隨著民主化過程，台灣從威權時期邁進民主憲政，卻也發生多起的天然災害、及經濟危機，以現有的法律，似乎無法收到立竿見影之效。因此，本文是從過去國家緊急權實施的缺失，闡明憲法緊急權應有的規範設計，並希望我國能早日完成緊急權法制化，使政府發揮最高效率，處理危機，並保障回歸民主，維護人權。

關鍵字

國家緊急權 ； 緊急憲法 ； 緊急立法 ； 災害防救 ； 法治國原則

並列摘要

State's emergency power is a responding system adopted by a democratic constitutional state in emergency to consolidate sovereignty and guarantee civil rights. Thus, to a country ruled by laws, the power can only be exercised in emergency. Once the crisis ends, the power is terminated immediately. In the past, Taiwan has been enforced martial law for a long time. With the process of democratization, Taiwan has transformed from authoritarian period to democratic constitutionalism. However, the existing laws seem to be unable to receive immediate effect on the occurrence of many natural disasters, counter-terrorism and economic crisis. Therefore, this text clarifies the specification and design that constitutional emergency power should have from the deficiency in the implementation of state's emergency power in previous time, and hope to realize the legalization of emergency power in Taiwan as soon as possible, so that the government can exert maximum efficiency, handle crisis, guarantee the return of democracy and protect human rights.

並列關鍵字

National emergency powers ； emergency constitution ； emergency legislation ； disaster assistance ； rule of law