從「透過運動表達自我」理論分析運動參與和觀賞之關係

Examine the Relationships between Sport Participation and Spectatorship-A Perspective of Self-Sport Relationship

高立學(Li-Shiue Gau)

《運動與遊憩研究》 5卷2期 (2010/12) Pp. 76-85

https://doi.org/10.29423/JSRR.201012_5(2).0006

摘要

本研究企圖透過運動可以表達自我的理論，驗證「運動參與」和「運動觀賞」的正向關係。但考量運動參與動機，以身體健康和爲了身材爲主要動機的人比其他動機者，觀賞運動的態度較不積極。研究方法採用問卷調查，詢問受訪者覺得在日常生活中週遭的好朋友認爲從事／觀賞運動是否是一項重要的、有意義、有價值的活動，及是否喜歡從事／觀賞運動（採「不太同意」到「非常同意」Likert七點尺度）。從事／觀賞運動行爲面，詢問受訪者觀察到週遭的好朋友多常從事運動／觀賞運動（從「幾乎沒有」到「每天」七點順序尺度）。另外，詢問受訪者覺得週遭的好朋友從事運動最主要的理由爲何。研究對象爲大學在校學生，以便利抽樣方式發放問卷，回收有效問卷277份。量表信度Cronbach's Alphas在0.92和0.94之間。Pearson相關係數分析顯示：運動參與態度與運動觀賞態度顯著正相關，假設獲得支持。單因子變異數分析結果顯示：參與運動主要動機爲身體健康和爲了身材的人比參與運動動機爲了興趣、爲了跟別人接觸、爲了贏得勝利的人，觀賞運動的態度顯著較不積極，假設獲得支持。

關鍵字

運動 ； 觀賞運動 ； 運動參與 ； 運動態度 ； 運動動機

並列摘要

This study applies a perspective of self-sport relationship to examine the positive relationships between the attitudes toward sport participation and sport spectatorship. Further, considering the motives for sport participation, those respondents whose main motives of sport participation are for health and the body figure have a lower attitude toward watching sports than those respondents whose main motives of sport participation are not for health and the body figure. A questionnaire was utilized, asking respondents about whether they felt their friends thought that doing/watching sports was important, meaningful and valuable and whether their friends liked to do/watch sports. A seven-point Likert scale was used from ”somehow not agree” to ”strongly agree.” As for the behavior of doing/watching sports, respondents answered how often they observed their friends played/watched sports by using a seven-point Likert scale from ”almost do nothing” to ”daily.” In addition, respondents were asked about what the most important reason is for their friends to participate in sports. Questionnaires were distributed to college students by convenience sampling and 277 returned questionnaires were valid. The reliabilities, Cronbach's Alphas, of the scales were between 0.92 and 0.94. Pearson correlation coefficient analysis showed that the relationship between the attitude toward sport participation and the attitude toward watching sports was significant and positive. The hypothesis was supported. The analysis of variance showed that those respondents whose main motives of sport participation were for health and the body figure had a lower attitude toward watching sports than those respondents whose main motives of sport participation were for interest, for togetherness with others, and for victory in games. The hypothesis was supported.

並列關鍵字

Sport ； spectator sport ； participation ； sport attitude ； motivation

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