應用健康信念模式分析臺中市大學生運動行為

To Analyze Exercise Behavior by Applying Health Belief Model among College Students in Taichung City

馮兆康(Chao-Kang Feng) ； 林川雄(Chuan-Hsiung Lin) ； 張艾君(Ai-Chun Chang) ； 張炳華(Bin-Wha Chang)

《運動與遊憩研究》 12卷2期 (2017/12) Pp. 42-54

https://doi.org/10.29423/JSRR.201712_12(2).04

摘要

過去研究指出肥胖是許多慢性病的危險因子，而運動不足是造成肥胖的主因。台灣有近80%的大學生沒有從事規律運動的行為。因此，本研究目的在於以健康信念模式分析影響運動行為之潛在相關因子。本研究採橫斷性研究，母群體為台中市的大學生，以結構式問卷調查工具，包含人口學變項、運動健康信念量表與運動行為。其中運動健康信念量表分為5 構面(運動障礙、運動利益、行動線索、疾病罹患性與運動可能)。採用分層隨機與集束抽樣法，發放1500 份問卷，回收有效問卷1414 份。各量表採用內部一致性信度檢測，Cronbach α值均達0.7 以上。結果顯示，研究對象的運動量偏低，BMI(body mass index)屬正常者佔65.7%，過重佔15.6%、過輕者佔18.7%；在滿分5 分下，運動的障礙、運動的利益、行動線索、疾病的罹患性、從事運動的可能性平均得分分別為2.98,3.72,3.23,3.36 與3.28。複迴歸分析顯示，國立大學的學生運動行為低於其他類型大學生、女生優於男生；運動行為與運動障礙呈負相關；與行動線索、疾病罹患性與BMI呈正相關。

關鍵字

健康信念模式 ； 運動行為 ； 大學生

並列摘要

Past studies have been pointed out that obesity is a risk factor for many chronic diseases, and lack of exercise is the main cause of obesity. Nearly 80% of college students in Taiwan are not engaged in regular exercise. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to apply Health Belief Model to analyze the correlation between potential factors that affect exercise behavior. In this study, a cross-sectional study was conducted. The population was college students in Taichung City. A structured questionnaire, was used to collect data, including demographic variables, exercise health belief scale and exercise behaviors. The scale of exercise and health belief is divided into five dimensions (perceived barriers, perceived benefits, and cues to action, perceived susceptibility and possibility of exercise). Using stratified randomization and cluster sampling, 1500 questionnaires were delivered and 1414 valid questionnaires were done. The internal consistency reliability testing of all scales, and all Cronbach α value reached 0.7 or more. The results showed that subjects were low in physical activity. Body mass index (BMI) of subjects which 65.7% was normal, 15.6% was overweight and 18.7% was underweight. The score of perceived barriers, perceived benefits, cues to action, perceived susceptibility and possibility of exercise was 2.98, 3.72, 3.23, 3.36 and 3.28, respectively. Multiple regression analysis showed that the performance of exercise behavior among students in national universities was lower than that of other college students, and girls were superior to boys. In addition, there was a negative correlation between exercise behavior and perceived barriers. Also, there was a positive correlation between cues to action, perceived susceptibility and BMI.

並列關鍵字

Health Belief Model ； exercise behavior ； college student

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