中國大陸主要城市間之醫療資源差異性與均等性分析

目的：分析中國大陸主要城市間的醫療資源現況，並探討城市間人口與地理面積之分配差異性與均等性。方法：研究採次級資料分析，資料來源為各城市之統計年鑑，其次為各城市衛計委發布之衛生統計資料。樣本城市選取係參考中國大陸華頓經濟研究所于2018年排名前20大之城市。結果：人均之醫療資源分配比土地面積醫療資源分配之均等性佳。其人均醫師數後三名之城市分別為重慶市、南通市及青島市；人均護理數後三名之城市分別為重慶市、南通市及天津市；人均床位數後三名之城市分別為南通市、重慶市與青島市；人均醫療機構數後三名之城市分別為上海市、南京市及鄭州市。若以土地面積評比，單位面積醫師數後三名之城市分別是重慶市、南通市與瀋陽市；單位面積護理人員數後三名之城市分別是重慶市、南通市與寧波市；單位面積醫療床位數後三名之城市是分別重慶市、大連市與寧波市；單位面積醫療機構數後三名之城市分別是大連市、重慶市與杭州市。結論：經濟發展先進之城市如北京、上海、深圳或廣州等城市，其醫療資源之分配不足以達到其人口或土地面積分布之需求。因此，政府除投入醫療資源於經濟發展中之城市外，對於已達一定經濟發展條件之城市，仍應投入相對應醫療資源。

關鍵字

醫療資源；均等性；次級資料分析；吉尼係數；羅倫茲曲線

並列摘要

Objective: To analyze the status of medical resource distribution among sampling cities in mainland China, and to assess the difference and equality in the distribution of medical resource. Methods: This study adopted a secondary data analysis which period from July 2018 to March 2019. The data source was firstly got from government statistical yearbooks which issued by statistical bureaus of each city. The sampling criteria was followed the ranking of top 100 cities by Wharton Economics Institute (WEI) published in 2018, we selected top 20 cities to be studied as subjects, and Gini coefficient and Lorenz curve were used for the quantitative analysis. Results: In this study, using Lorenz curve to figure out Gini coefficient for the equality analysis of medical resources in top 20 sampling cities in China, the result showed that the distribution of medical resources on NPC is better than NLA. Regarding the analysis of NPC, the last three analyzed cities were listed, in the medical doctor distribution that was Chongqing, Nantong and Qingdao city; in the nurse distribution that was Chongqing, Nantong and Tianjin city; in the bed distribution that was Nantong, Chongqing and Qingdao City; in the hospital distribution that was Shanghai, Nanjing and Zhengzhou city. Conclusions: For cities with large populations, they had a rich medical resource more than cities with smaller population. In particular, cities with large land area and small population, the medical resource it had significantly show less than cities with high population. Therefore, in spite of the local government to put in medical resources as much in economic developed cities, but the result shows there still not are sufficient for their people demand, keeping the input of medical resources for those cities is still necessary from our results.