論康德之國際聯盟與國家理念

康德政治哲學最為著名的是其〈論永久和平〉，在其論述中更首倡國際聯盟(Völkerbund)，負有維持世界安全與和平之國際性的政治組織。但事實上，康德在此的工作，還是在霍布斯傳統下自然法之論證模式，直至《道德形上學》才真正展開以法權概念來論證的政治哲學。他倡世界公民法權(ius cosmopoliticum)，其論證乃依於根據法權之國家理念－法治國家。但是，法權之概念卻必須在人格之自主性與獨立性中才有可能，因此，即可證明國家以及國際聯盟乃在自主性與獨立性中才可能。因而，康德的國家理論及國際關係中，充滿極深的、源於人格的自主與獨立之人文主義根源。本文之目的就是揭露其中的論證邏輯，指陳其國際理論與國家理念之間的關係。

關鍵字

國際聯盟；世界公民法權；自主性；永久和平；共和憲政

並列摘要

Zum Ewigen Frieden is Kant's most famous political philosophy. In his argument an international alliance (Völkerbund) is firstly initiated, which entrusts such international political organization with the maintenance of world's security and peace. But in fact, Kant's work stands still under Thomas Hobbes's argument mode of natural law. Until Metaphysik der Sitten he argues his concept of political philosophy by means of a concept of right. He advocates ius cosmopoliticum, and argues it from the idea of state which depends on the concept of right-Rechtsstaat. According to Kant the concept of right must be under the condition of the personality of autonomy possible; therefore it can prove that a state and the international alliance is only possible under the condition of his autonomy and independence. Thus, Kant's theory of state and international relations are profoundly full of autonomy and independence of humanitarian meaning. The purpose of this paper is to expose the logic behind them and the relationship between his international theory and the idea of state.