日治時期台灣的殖民統治與同化教育問題

The Issue of Colonial Administration and Assimilation in Education in Taiwan during Japanese Occupation

林珠雪(Zhu-Xue Lin)

《台灣日語教育學報》 21號 (2013/12) Pp. 387-404

https://doi.org/10.29758/TWRYJYSB.201312_(21).0015

摘要

後進帝國主義國家日本在獲得台灣成為其第一個殖民地時，是一面仿效英、法等帝國主義前輩的殖民政策，一面摸索如何統治台灣。到了大正末期，日本明確地採取了「內地延長主義」的同化主義政策，除了法律、制度面外，更利用其同化教育以達文化統合及國民教化之效。在面臨列強的威脅下，日本急速地建立了近代天皇制國家。近代天皇制國家擁有近代化國家的外表體制，但卻同時難脫前近代國家的封建本質，此一近代天皇制國家的特質亦表現在對台灣的統治上。尤其是習自法國的「內地延長主義」之同化政策，在經由孕育於日本政治土壤的殖民統治者的詮釋下，亦映照了近代天皇制國家的本質與特色。明治憲法的制定與教育敕語的發布充分顯現了近代天皇制國家之近代與前近代並存的矛盾，而同樣的形式也表現在台灣的殖民統治上，在宣揚文明近代化的同化政策的同時，其同化教育亦灌輸作為「臣民」所必須具備的「道德」與忠誠心。「同化」教育的施行暴露了近代天皇制國家殖民統治的本質，其結果是無法在大日本帝國憲法中被認定為「臣民」的台灣人民並不具備「臣民」的權利，但卻被要求需具備作為「臣民」的忠誠心和應盡的義務。

關鍵字

近代天皇制 ； 同化主義 ； 同化教育 ； 殖民統治 ； 國體觀

並列摘要

After Japan, an imperialistic nation, occupied Taiwan as her first colony, She followed the colonial policies of Britain, France and other imperialist predecessors and at the same time groping for a way to rule Taiwan. During the late Taisho period, the Japan government clearly adopted the assimilation policies of ”inland territorial expansionism”, which in addition to law and system, used education to achieve cultural assimilation and integration of national enlightenment .Under the threat of the Great Powers, Japan rapidly established a Modern Emperor System. Although Modern Emperor System countries appeared to have the frame of a modern state, it's still difficult to escape from the feudal nature of the pre-modern generation. This quality of the Modern Emperor System country also reflected on its rule on Taiwan. The assimilation policies of ”inland territorial expansionism” learned from France especially reflected the quality and characteristics of the Modern Emperor System country under the interpretation of the colonial rulers, who had developed in the Japanese politics.The establishment of the Meiji Constitution and the release of the Imperial Rescript on Education fully demonstrated the conflict of the coexistence of modern and pre-modern state in a Modern Emperor System country, and the same pattern was also manifested in the colonial rule in Taiwan. As the promotion of the modernization of civilization and assimilation policies carried on, the ”morality” and loyalty required within a citizen were also simultaneously indoctrinated through education.The implementation of assimilation education had exposed the colonial governance nature of the Modern Emperor System. As a result, the Taiwanese, who were not recognized as lieges by the Constitution of the Empire of Japan, did not have the lieges' rights. However, Taiwanese needed to follow ”Imperial Rescript on Education” under the state system which Taiwanese needed to have the loyalty of lieges and required obligations.

並列關鍵字

Modern Emperor System of Japan ； assimilation ； assimilation education ； colonial administration ； Japanese national structure