農村地區窳陋空間改善自主營造成功因素之研究

現今政府各部會大力推動社區營造，在此過程是由社區組織向公部門提出計畫，由政府依照目標效益核定補助經費，由社區僱工購料來進行工作。尤在近年推動的農村再生工作，在基礎訓練課程（培根）對於社區的僱工購料之環境改善工作相當重視，其目標在於消除垃圾髒亂，增加居民共生活空間；特別是破敗廢棄的窳陋空間，在農村多點且零散，不易透過發包工程改善，而更希望透過在地組織的自主營造進而改善這些環境景觀上的障礙。農村再生條例通過後，農村建設已有計畫性的引導，且政府也期望透過社區自主營造，促進周邊環境一併提升，擴大政策效果，以創造或保存優質的農村景觀。2011年起農村辦理窳陋空間改善，農村社區開始自主營造工作，部分社區成效良好，故本研究摘取窳陋空間改善成效良好且得獎的社區優異條件，並透過文獻歸納農村社區自主營造之成功因素，梳理出8項構面及28項次準則，針對全國優良農村社區以及專家學者作為問卷發放對象，以AHP層級分析法，探求自主營造之成功因素。結果得知以「人力投入」之重要性權重最高（19.96%），代表社區自主營造改善工作時，有社區幹部領導引導、藝術家及達人共同參與實為關鍵因素。

關鍵字

農村美學；自主營造；層級分析法

並列摘要

To previous rural communities, the lack of integrated plans led to chaotic development and construction, and a random mixture of old and new buildings. In particular, dirty and crude space has been barrier to the landscape. Since the enactment of the Rural Rejuvenation Act, systematic guidance for rural development has been implemented. The government also expects the community autonomous development to promote the enhancement of surrounding environment, to enlarge the effect of policy, and to create quality rural landscape. The current study, through examination into previous literature, aimed to probe into successful factors of autonomous landscape development in rural communities, including eight principles and 28 subprinciples. Questionnaires were distributed to experts and the winning communities of Rural Community. The AHP analysis revealed that human input weighed the most, suggesting the benefits of joint participation from the community leader, artists, and experts during the improvement of community autonomous development. Human input is the prerequisite to the promotion of development.