美國外交政策之演變－柯林頓時期

The Evolution of the U.S Foreign Policy in Clinton Times

張光球(Kuang-Chiu Chang)

《致理學報》 34期 (2014/07) Pp. 121-173

摘要

冷戰結束後不久，柯林頓即當選為美國總統。由於國際關係從兩極結構轉為單極多強的體系，美國如何調整和適應國際大環境改變後的角色，使得柯林頓的外交政策成為國際關係研究的重點。國際體系從1945年之前的多極，之後的兩極，演變至今成為單極多強的結構。在每個階段學者們會依自己的理論來解釋當下的國際關係。結構現實主義（structural realism）學者Kenneth Waltz認為國際無政府狀態和主要國家的數目不變，是維持國際政治系統穩定的基礎。但是，Joseph Nye和Rober Keohane兩位學者指出結構因素已預示，局勢的改變不是朝向腐蝕，而是使美國的戰略更加依賴國際制度的功能，以預防影響力的喪失和維持適合的政經秩序，這不僅反映美國的利益，亦是反映美國社會和美國人對他們在國際上角色認知的特質，因此美國需要新的戰略，以面對新的國際局勢。本論文將就後冷戰時期國際體系的轉變和對柯林頓外交政策的影響分別論述，意即國際因素對外交政策的影響。

關鍵字

美國 ； 外交政策 ； 柯林頓

並列摘要

As the backdrop that realism and neo-realism played in failing to foresee the collapse of the Soviet Union, neo-liberal institutionalism, or neo-liberalism, surpasses them in interpreting the character of an international system. Theorists of neo-liberalism, like Robert Keohane etc., believe that cooperation can erase the conflicts between nations, due to interdependency among nations. No country can develop on its own without help, so therein lies a joint stake with the other country. For nation's growth, free trade and the removal of barriers to commerce are the core of multi-development. After the Cold War, almost all nations soothed the tensions which had caused great discontent and even conflict before, and the U.S. is the only super power in the world. Clinton was the first President after the Cold War with less experience about foreign affairs, so most of nations wanted to observe what he would do and how he'd want to lead the world. This article analyzes the Clinton's foreign policy by means of neo-liberalism through some cases to justify cooperation is good for both sides. In addition, If Hilary Clinton would be the next U.S President, could the U.S. foreign policy be flexible.

並列關鍵字

The U.S. ； Foreign Policy ； Clinton