美國的中國觀點及其對台政策：從柯林頓、小布希到歐巴馬

American China's View and Its Taiwanese Policy: From Clinton, Bush to Obama

初國華(Gwo-Hua Chu)

《育達科大學報》 33期 (2012/12) Pp. 65-84

https://doi.org/10.7074/YDAJB.201212.0065

摘要

美國自上世紀，即捲入中國的內部事務。從馬歇爾調停國共內戰到新世紀的台海危機，美國都扮演重要角色。尤其新世紀之際，美國如何看待與對待崛起的中國是美國外交的重要抉擇，而台灣問題更是美中關係的敏感與重要議題。美國看待中國究竟為伙伴或競爭者？並由此導出圍堵或交往政策，亦或圍堵與交往兼而有之的圍交政策？一國的對外政策形成，先是由於觀感、評估與觀點的累積，而後才逐漸型塑成國家的政策與作為，是以觀點與政策間有其相依與相成的關係，即主觀的觀感與思維是具體政策的先行者。本文以先觀感評估、後政策行動的順序，並以從柯林頓、小布希到歐巴馬的美國政策為經，輔以對中國、對台灣的政策為緯，來觀察與省視美、中、台的關係。

關鍵字

中國崛起 ； 圍堵政策 ； 交往政策 ； 對台政策 ； 美中台關係

並列摘要

Since last century, US have involved into Chinese domestic affairs deeply. From Marshall to mediated the civil war to the Taiwanese strait's crisis in 1996, the US all play a important role on it. Especially, in the new century era, how the US to view and deal the China rise is a significant choice for American diplomacy. However, the Taiwanese Issue is still a sensitive and crucial problem between the US and China. How US dealing with the China, whether a partner or a competitor, that would result in the policy such as containment, engagement or a mixed style the congagement. In fact, the formation of a state's diplomatic policy always is initially accumulated of opinion, assessment and sentiment etc., then to shape the national policy or behavior gradually. Thus, thinking and policy exist in a relation of interdependency and enforcement. Namely, the subjective thought always is prior to the substantial policy. The structure of this article is mainly based on the order of the former with opinion, assessment then the later with policy. Moreover, the policy from Clinton to Bush to Obama as the vertical aspect in analysis couple with the horizontal aspect of the American policy toward China and Taiwan, that will be as a relatively comprehensive study about the relation of Washington, Beijing and Taipei.

並列關鍵字

China rise ； contain policy ； engagement policy ； Asian policy toward Taiwan ； US-Sino-Taiwan relation

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