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朱熹的孟子學-從詮釋到發展的進路

On Zhu Xi's Mencius-Interpretation: From a Hermeneutical to a Developmental Approach

摘要


傳統以來,朱子的孟子圖像一向被視為正統,可是,於當代學界牟宗三卻一反前人之說,首倡陸象山、而非朱子,方是孟子的正統傳人。基於著名的「朱陸異同」論爭在宋明儒學、乃至中國哲學史上之重要性,如何去了解這兩位儒者的「孟子解」之本質差異,也是很有意義和饒有興味的。簡單而言,本文旨在展示:對比於象山的「主體主義」式進路,朱子的進路則是同時具有「共同體主義」與「反觀念論」的特色。象山的孟子圖像基本上是「唯意志論的」,而朱子的孟子圖像則是「理性主義的」。從方法論而言,朱子的觀點乃是「從下而上」-所謂「下學而上達」,因此朱子的進路乃是「具體的」。這亦可以為朱子的「認知主義」的孟子圖像提供一辯解,從而平衡牟宗三對其之低貶。

關鍵字

朱子 陸象山 孟子 牟宗三

並列摘要


Traditionally, Zhu Xi's philosophy has been identified as a synthesis of the whole Song Confucianism. In particular, Zhu's image of Mencius has enjoyed an orthodox status. However, in modern scholarship Mou Zongsan revolted against such a typology. Mou claimed that it is Lu Xiangshan that should be identified as a faithful follower of Mencius. This paper aims to show that in contrast to Lu's subjectivistic approach, Zhu adopted a communitarian approach. Lu's image of Mencius is volitionalist, whereas Zhu's image of Mencius is rationalist. Methodologically, Zhu's approach is bottom-up. Accordingly, it is more concrete in character. In this way, this paper will develop a positive understanding of Zhu's cognitivism. As a consequence, it will give rise to a balance of Mou's undermining Zhu's Confucian thought.

並列關鍵字

Zhu Xi Lu Xiangshan Mencius Mou Zongsan

參考文獻


朱熹:《四書章句集註》,北京:中華書局,1983年。
朱熹:《朱子語類》,臺北:文津出版社,1986年。
朱熹著,朱傑人、嚴佐之、劉永翔主編:《朱子全書》,上海:上海古籍出版社,2002 年。
牟宗三:《五十自述》,收入《牟宗三先生全集32》(第32冊),臺北:聯經出版社,2003年。
牟宗三:《心體與性體》,臺北:正中書局,1969年。

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