This paper argues against a superficial juxtaposition of a Western attitude to nature that is essentially exploitive and a Chinese attitude that is respectful of the environment. It does this by first showing that the simplistic reading of the Daodejing in the light of one chapter, which could justify a naïve reading of the text, must be placed in the context of many other possible readings of the text. The paper then draws on the thought of Amartya Sen to argue for a more balanced reading of sustainable development. It concludes by stressing that a Chinese theory of the environment should draw on the whole Chinese philosophical tradition and not only on the Daodejing.