手球選手訓練壓力對運動表現之影響～以壓力因應策略為中介變項

The effects of handball players' training pressure on their athletic performance~ using stress-coping strategies as intervening variable

張簡坤明(Kun-Ming Chang Chien)

《海峽兩岸體育研究學報》 13卷1期 (2020/09) Pp. 21-37

摘要

本研究旨在探討不同性別手球選手訓練壓力、壓力因應策略與運動表現之差異情形；並進一步探究壓力因應策略在訓練壓力與運動表現之間的中介效果。以320位手球選手（男239、女81）為對象進行調查研究，採用訓練壓力、壓力因應策略與運動表現等三個量表為工具，經採描述性統計、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子多變量變異數分析及階層迴歸分析等統計方法處理，顯著水準訂為α=.05。研究結果發現：1.女子手球選手組織溝通、角色衝突與訓練負荷量等三個訓練壓力構面的表現均具顯著優於男子選手。2.男子手球選手在壓力因應策略的逃避策略構面的表現上顯著優於女子選手。3.女子手球選手在自覺運動表現上顯著高於男子選手。4.壓力因應策略在手球選手訓練壓力與運動表現之間的不具中介效果。5.針對問題策略與針對情緒策略兩個壓力因應策略均會正向影響運動表現。依據上述研究結果，本研究發現女子手球選手知覺訓練壓力較男子選手為高。過大的訓練壓力，可能影響選手的運動表現。因此，適時緩和女子手球選手是值得教練重視的課題；另外，針對問題策略與針對情緒策略兩個壓力因應策略均會正向影響運動表現。因此，教練在訓練計畫的安排上，必須重視選手的心理層面，教練可以嘗試讓選手學習一些壓力因應策略的技巧，以降低選手的訓練壓力。

關鍵字

訓練壓力 ； 壓力因應策略 ； 運動表現

並列摘要

This study is aimed to explore the differences between handball players of different genders in training pressure, stress-coping strategies, and their athletic performances. This study would further investigate the intervening effects of stress-coping strategies on training pressure and athletic performances. Participants were 320 handball players (239 male and 81 female) and three scales about training pressure, stress-coping strategies, and athletic performance were used to collect data. These data were later analyzed statistically with descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, one-way MANOVA, hierarchical regression analysis, etc. Level of significance was α=.05. Research findings are as follows: 1. Female handball players scored significantly higher than their male counterparts in three aspects in training pressure: organizational communication, role conflicts, and training loads. 2. Male handball players were significantly better than their female counterparts in the escaping strategy aspect in stress-coping strategies. 3. Female players scored significantly higher than male players in self-perceived athletic performance. 4. Stress-coping strategies did not have intervening effects between handball players' training pressure and athletic performance. 5. The stress-coping strategies, dealing with problems and dealing with emotions, both positively affected athletic performance. According to the findings above, female handball players perceived higher training pressure than male players. Too much training pressure could affect players' athletic performance. Therefore, reducing female players' pressure at due time is an important issue for coaches. Besides, since the two stress-coping strategies, dealing with problems and dealing with emotions, both positively affected athletic performance, coaches need to pay more attention to players' psychological aspects. Coaches can also try to teach players some stress-coping skills to reduce their training pressure.

並列關鍵字

training pressure ； stress-coping strategies ； athletic performance

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