桃園地區國小教師工作壓力對身心健康影響－以休閒運動參與程度作為調節

本研究目的旨在探討工作壓力、身心健康與休閒運動參與程度三者的關係，並進一步探究休閒運動參與程度對於國小教師工作壓力與身心健康上是否有調節的效果。本研究以104 學年度任教於桃園市桃園區公立國民小學之教師為研究對象，總計發出540 份問卷，回收527 份，問卷回收率達97.6%；有效問卷為521份，有效問卷回收率為96.4%。回收資料以統計套裝軟體SPSS 12.0 中文版執行資料分析，方法包括描述性統計、皮爾森積差相關以及階層迴歸分析法。研究結果發現：一、桃園市桃園區國小教師在整體工作壓力的感受屬中等偏低程度，以「工作負荷」感受最高。二、在整體身心健康屬中高程度，以「人際互動」的健康情形較不理想。三、休閒運動參與程度現況，每週運動次數大於3 次比率偏低、運動時間大多在31-60 分鐘內。結論：工作壓力對身心健康具有負向影響；休閒運動參與程度對身心健康具有正向影響；休閒運動參與程度對工作壓力和身心健康具有部份調節的影響力。最後依據研究結果，對學校單位、國小教師與敎育行政機關提出參考建議，協助教師因應並減緩其工作壓力。

關鍵字

工作壓力；健康狀況；休閒運動參與

並列摘要

The purpose of this study is to examine the multiple correlations between the job stress, perceived health-leisure, and sports participation level of elementary school teachers in order to address the moderator variable of teachers' sports participation level in the relationship between their job stress and perceived health-leisure. The participants in this study were public elementary school teachers of 104 academic year in Taoyuan District, Taoyuan. The questionnaires were mailed to a sample of 540 potential respondents in Taoyuan District. 527 respondents completed the questionnaire and the return rate was 97.6%. 521 valid questionnaires were used for the final analysis and the effective response return rate was 96.4%. The analysis used the SPSS 12.0 statistical software package (Chinese version). Three types of statistical analyses were used: descriptive statistics, Pearson-product moment correlations, and hierarchical regression. The results of present study were described as follows: (1) the level of job stress among respondents was rated as medium-low; of all related variables, the level of ＂workload＂ was medium-high; (2) the level of perceived health-leisure among respondents was rated as medium-high; of all related variables, the level of ＂interpersonal interaction＂ was relatively low; (3) most respondents participated in recreational sports lower than 3 times a week and spent 31 to 60 minutes each time. The results show not only a negative effect of job stress on respondents' perceived health-leisure but also a positive effect of sports participation level on their health. Therefore, sports participation level significantly plays a moderator variable in the relationship between respondents' job stress and their perceived health-leisure. In order to help teachers to cope with their job stress and to alleviate their workload, the results of this paper suggest several dimensions that might profitably be addressed by schools, elementary school teachers, and education administration authority.