當代意識形態之檢討

A Reflection on Contemporary Political Ideologies

洪鎌德(Lien-Te Hung)

《哲學論集》 37期 (2004/07) Pp. 109-141

https://doi.org/10.29699/FJPS.200407.0002

摘要

本文討論當代最重要的幾個主義，特別分析主義與政治意識形態之關聯。在討論意識形態的緣起與馬派對意識形態負面的批判之後，詳述西方社會科學與哲學中知識社會學有關意識形態之評析。其後作者評論20世紀下半葉西方學界所引發的意識形態終結之爭議。在這一概念與理論演變分析下，吾人似乎比較能夠瞭解意識形態的定義與分類。最後就當前流行的意識形態之消長做一個比較、分析與評估。

關鍵字

意識形態 ； 主義 ； 錯誤的意識 ； 審議的民主 ； 文化型塑 ； 意識形態的終結 ； 結構主義者言說的分析 ； 後現代主義

並列摘要

This essay discusses contemporary political ideologies, their emergence, development and relevance for the modern world. It firstly deals with the origin of the concept of ”ideology”, its positive and pejorative meanings, and the Marxist interpretation. The article then traces the evolution of concepts and theories on modern ideologies from the perspective of the sociology of knowledge. Subsequently the treatise describes and evaluates the controversy involving the end of ideology of the 1960s and 1990s. The author also attempts to define and classify the present-day isms in term of their impact on social, political, economic and cultural 350 reality. Finally, the paper assesses the significance of conservativism, liberalism, socialism, Marxism, nationalism, fundamentalism, feminism and ecologism for the contemporary world.

並列關鍵字

Ideology ； -ism ； False Consciousness ； Deliberative Democracy ； Cultural Formation ； The end of Ideology ； Structuralist Discourse Analysis ； Post-Modernism

參考文獻

Adams, Ian(1993).Political ideology Today.Manchester:Manchester University Press.

Eatwell, Roger(ed.),Wright, Anthony(ed.)(1990).Contemporary Political Ideologies.London:pinter.

Miller, David(ed.)(1991).The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Political Thought.Oxford:Blackwell.

Bottomore(ed.)(1991).A Dictionary of Marxist Thought.Oxford:Blackwell.

Lukes, Steven(1974).Power.London:Macmillan.