Weak Thought and "Liberal Inclusivism" Functional Affinities between Gianni Vattimo and David Tracy's Hermeneutics

「弱勢思想」與「自由包容主義」－Gianni Vattimo與David Tracy 的詮釋學在功能上的相似性

鮑霖(Batairwa K. Paulin)

《哲學論集》 42期 (2009/07) Pp. 113-137

https://doi.org/10.29699/FJPS.200907.0005

摘要

在後現代的脈絡中，人類處境的複雜迂迴往往伴隨著多重中心、複雜、且無條理的觀點，促使David Tracy和Gianni Vattimo闡發出兩種不同的詮釋系統。Tracy以宗教多元論為出發點，認為『自由包容主義』能增進彼此尊重的互動，而目前世界註定要處理宗教多元論的問題，因此正需要這種能互相引起興趣的宗教對話。相反的，Vattimo則以哲學的觀點來面對此一問題，而以『弱勢思想』來聯結。這個答案建議了一種不傲慢自大的態度，務實地假定這樣的結論：形上學基礎在人類使用時是不存在的。 『自由包容主義』與『弱勢思想』不論是在所試圖回答的問題，或是在習於表現答案的方法上都很類似。Tracy的取徑是有神論和建立在宗教上的；相反地，Vattimo則是「無神論」和「反玄學」的，但並非是無宗教和反哲學的。他們兩位回覆的方式和內容都為展示當代信仰復興的多樣性，及引發對探尋宗教、哲學的意義作了準備。此外，他們也證明了哲學、宗教和形上學之間的互相關聯，及復興的多元性也肯定該領域內所存在的相互關聯，其中之一乃起因於其對意義追尋所固有的獻身。 至於追尋意義的方法，兩位作者的特色在於目前考量的不只是理解和詮釋的企圖，還將其視為一種說服的藝術，也就是修辭學。事實上，他們也運用修辭法在兩種回覆中指出其差異中的相似性。因此，『自由包容主義』與『弱勢思想』可視為後現代的異質同形。

關鍵字

詮釋與修辭學 ； 後現代主義 ； 弱勢思想 ； 自由包容主義

並列摘要

The meanders of the human situation in a post modern context, with its polycentric, complex, fragmented perception had motivated David Tracy and Gianni Vattimo to formulate two different hermeneutical systems. Tracy, who has religious pluralism as his starting point, upholds ”liberal inclusivism” as capable of enhancing respectful interactions and the much required mutually challenging religious dialogue in a world doomed to deal with pluralism. Vattimo, instead has confronted the problem from a philosophical perspective which he has articulated as ”weak thought.” The answer recommends a non arrogant attitude that pragmatically assumes the conclusions of the inexistence of metaphysical foundation on which humans could resort to.
”Liberal inclusivism” and ”weak thought” are analogous not only in what they attempt to answer but also in the method used to shape their answers. Tracy's approach is theistic and religiously founded. Vattimo, on the other hand, is ”atheistic” ”non-ontological;” but not irreligious and anti-philosophical. The manner and the content of the responses these authors provide for display the diversifications in the modern revival of the interest for a religious and philosophical quest for meaning. They furthermore attest to the interconnectedness between philosophy, religion and metaphysics; an interconnectedness resulting from their commitment to the quest for meaning. As for the methods, the quest for meaning is not a mere enterprise of understanding and interpreting, it also reckons an art of persuasion, i.e. rhetoric. In fact, their usage of rhetoric displays the cross-cuts and affinities (similarities in differences) among these two responses. As a result, ”liberal inclusivism” and ”weak thought” could be looked at as post modern homeomorphisms.

並列關鍵字

Hermeneutics and Rhetoric ； Post modernism ； Weak thought ； liberal inclusivism

參考文獻

Cunningham, David S.(1991).Faithful Persuasion: In Aid of a Rhetoric of Christian Theology.London:University of Notre Dame Press.

Schwartz, Regina(Edited)(2004).Transcendence, Philosophy, Literature and Theology Approach the Beyond.New York:Routledge.

Mautner, Thomas(Ed.)(1999).Dictionary of Philosophy.London:Penguin Books.

Sanks, T. Howland(1993).David Tracy' s Theological Project: An Overview and Some Implications.Theological Studies.54(4),698-727.

Serpytyt, Rita E. "Nihilism and Weak Thought" Retrieved June 30, 2007.