對話與獨白之間：從哲學詮釋學的歷史視野內外探討沙特筆下自己與一位淪陷區法國青年的問答

Between Dialogue and Monologue: A ＂Historical＂ Study of the Question and Answer Once Undertaken by Jean-Paul Sartre and One of his Fellow French Younglings under the German Occupation through the Lens of Philosophical Hermeneutics

翁小珉(Weng, Hsiao-min)

《哲學論集》 52期 (2020/07) Pp. 51-87

摘要

本文取徑於高達美及海德格在存有論上的洞見，旨在細細品味沙特筆下一席關於遺棄與自由的問答，以釐清此處的沙特與前來向他請益的青年之間何以看似擁有共享的集體命運、談話卻近乎以答非所問收場。藉著不無批判性地檢視沙特所揭示的真理宣稱，本文主張，儘管沙特自承他對於遺棄的探討是來自海德格的啟發，其立意實則與高達美以其哲學詮釋學包裝過後的海德格思想有更直接的互通之處，這尤其表現在對置身於歷史境遇中的行動者要如何與他人共存此一課題的關懷。經由自己與一位青年同胞那猶如擺盪在獨白與對話之間的問答，沙特所凸顯出的其實是個人在存有論上被遺棄的可能與不可能之間的曖昧關係，而這也是沙特的存在主義隱約呼應了高達美的哲學詮釋學之處。

關鍵字

歷史 ； 沙特 ； 遺棄 ； 高達美 ； 海德格

並列摘要

Focusing on some of Jean-Paul Sartre's paragraphs, which are in the form of question and answer and concerned with what a person's being abandoned as well as freedom truly means, through the lens of both Hans-Georg Gadamer's and Martin Heidegger's ontological insights, this paper seeks to investigate into the reason why the question Sartre faced remains unanswered while the French youth who asked Sartre for suggestion seemed to share the same destiny with Sartre under the German occupation. Based on the critical reading on what Sartre reveals as his truth claim, this paper argues that the situation of abandonment, which is stressed by Sartre in his lecture, does not simply stem from Heidegger and then inspire Sartre himself but rather can be paralleled with the moderated Heideggerian insight in Gadamer's philosophical hermeneutics, which always has concern for the possibility of one's coexistence with the other just as Sartre does. By making the question from the young man and the answer from Sartre himself both sway between monologue and dialogue, what Sartre shows us here is actually the ambiguity between the possibility and impossibility of a person's being abandoned, whence Sartre's existentialism and Gadamer's philosophical hermeneutics echoes each other.

並列關鍵字

history ； Jean-Paul Sartre ； abandonment ； Hans-Georg Gadamer ； Martin Heidegger

參考文獻

Gadamer, Hans-Georg. “The Hermeneutic Priority of the Question.” Translated by Joel Weinsheimer and Donald G. Marshall. In Truth and Method. 2nd ed. New York: Continuum, 2004, 356-71.

Gadamer, Hans-Georg. “The Universality of the Hermeneutical Problem.” Translated by David E. Linge. In The Gadamer Reader: A Bouquet of the Later Writings. Illinois: Northwestern University Press, 2007, 72-88.

Gadamer, Hans-Georg. “Text and Interpretation.” Translated by Richard E. Palmer. In The Gadamer Reader: A Bouquet of the Later Writings. Illinois: Northwestern University Press, 2007, 156-91.

Gredel-Manuele, Zdenka. “The Historian’s Craft and the Politics of Contemporary History in Germany.” Chung Hsing Journal of the Humanities 58 (March, 2017): 173-92.

Heidegger, Martin. “The Basic Constitution of Historicality.” Translated byJohn Macquarrie and Edward Robinson. In Being and Time. Oxford: Blackwell, 1962, 434-39.