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2011年阿里山林業百年紀念國際研討會從UNESCO登錄的世界遺產鐵路探討阿里山鐵路的國際地位與普世價值

Research on Universal Value of Alishan Forest Railway in Survey of UNESCO World Culture Heritage Railways

摘要


阿里山森林鐵路誕生於1912年,是台灣日治時期森林鐵道開發的代表,也是人類沿襲十九世紀登山鐵道技術的重要史蹟。2003年,阿里山森林鐵路被文建會,評選為世界遺產潛力點可立即推動的第一類,目前台灣並無任何地景登錄世界遺產,阿里山森林鐵路能否代表台灣,成為國際看台灣重要的史蹟重點,關鍵不在的阿里山日出雲海等「五奇」本地價值(Local Value),而在檢視阿里山鐵路是否具備「普世價值」(Universal Value)。目前聯合國教科文組織UNESCO所登錄的世界遺產鐵路有五條,五條全部是登山鐵道,進而衍生出世界登山鐵道五大工法(Technological solutions)。本篇研究除了調查這五條世界遺產鐵路所具備的工法,也發現阿里山鐵路包含這五大工法的其中四項,包含一百八十度大彎(Horseshoe curve line and U-turn line)、螺旋形路線(Loop line and Spiral loop)、之字形路線(Switch back;Zig Zag)、與特殊設計的登山火車(Special engine)。本研究也發現阿里山鐵路的定位,應該是保存鐵道(Preserved Railway)與文化資產鐵路(Heritage Railway),這樣的定位對它最為有利,對於登錄世界遺產的幫助也最大。

並列摘要


Alishan Forest Railway, were originally constructed by the Japanese Colonial Government in 1912, to facilitate the logging of cypress and Taiwania wood. It also plays the important role in the hill-climbing railways, mountain railways and forest railways among the world. The values of Alishan Forest Railway is not only relating to ”Five Magic”, the local value of Taiwan as sunrise and cloud sea, but it is relating to universal value, the technological solutions of mountain railway. There are five World Heritage Railways registered by UNESCO, they all are mountain railways. These world heritage railways consists five Technological solutions of mountain railway. We research UNESCO World Culture Heritage Railways and Alishan Forest Railway. It includes four items as Horseshoe curve line and U-turn line、Loop line and Spiral loop、Switch back、Special engine. The conclusion is that Alishan Forest Railway is well defined to ”Preserved Railway” and ”Heritage Railway”. It provides best cultural and heritage locations for Alishan Forest Railway in the future.

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