越南邊和市寶龍區客家人的身份與整合：從三祖師崇拜到天后崇拜

Cultural Identities and Integration of the Hakkas in Buu Long (Bien Hoa, Vietnam) Through the Transformation of the Clan Worship of Professional Masters to Tian Hou

阮玉詩(Nguyen, Ngoc-tho)

《人文研究期刊》 12期 (2014/12) Pp. 33-45

摘要

越南同奈省邊和市寶龍區的客家人一從中國華南地區遷移到來就建立三祖師廟祭祀石業、木業、鐵業三位祖師，同時把三祖師廟看作本地客家人傳統文化凝聚地。由於華人各幫會內部關係不好，客家人手工業銷售不良，造成困惑的局面。二十世紀初，經過瘟疫後，客家人把三祖師廟改名為天后宮，在正殿的兩側安置關公與天后神像加以配祀。經過幾十年的活動，當今寶龍區客家人在保護民族文化特色、促進社會大融合與發展經濟等三大偉業都得到關注。從三祖師崇拜到天后崇拜就是客家人的失與得兩大局面。本論文探討客家人三祖師廟轉化成為天后崇拜的過程、來源、特徵與文化含義，從此了解越南華人社區的當前社會與未來。

關鍵字

客家人 ； 三祖師 ； 天后 ； 齋飯節 ； 社會融合

並列摘要

Right after migrating to Buu Long (Bien Hoa, Dong Nai, Vietnam) from South China, the Hakkas constructed the Temple of Three Masters to worship the gods of stone-crafting, wood-carving and metallurgy. Hakka Temple of Three Masters has been seen as the heartland of Hakka culture locally. Due to the internal conflicts among the Chinese dialectic groups (Cantonese, Fujianese, Chaozhou, Hainanese and Hakkas), the Hakkas' business was not good in the last centuries. In the early 20th century, after a plague, the Hakkas in Buu Long changed the name of the temple into Tianhou Temple (Tian Hou Gong), added Tian Hou and Guan Gong statues by both sides while three professional masters are still worshipped at the main hall. After decades of activity, the present Hakkas are simultaneously dealing with the protection of ethnic identities, the promotion of locally social integration and the economic development. The process of shifting from Three Masters worship to Tian Hou worship has shown both loss and gain in the identical values. This paper examines the process of shifting Three Masters Temple into Tian Hou Temple, its reasons, characteristics and cultural implication, from which ones can understand the current society and the future of the Chinese community in Vietnam.

並列關鍵字

Hakka ； Three Masters ； Tian Hou ； vegetarian festival ； social integration