林希逸《莊子口義》「以儒解莊」之闡釋

林希逸為南宋後期之理學家，其師承陳藻，為艾軒學派中之著名學者。他對莊子的接受，具體的表現在對《莊子》注疏之《莊子口義》一書。其《莊子口義》以口義形式解析評論深奧的《莊子》，援佛、道入儒，反映宋代學者之學術思潮；摒除以往及同時代重道輕文的莊學研究方法，開創對莊子注中之評價及鑒賞《莊子》文學藝術之先例，並給予細緻之評析與高度之讚美，這些特色具劃時代之意義，給後代莊學者許多的借鑒，為宋代莊學研究中重要注疏之作，也開啟莊學另一面向，豐富莊學之研究。本文針對《莊子口義》一書中「以儒解莊」的詮釋視域及特色主要論述，以四點作探究。林希逸認為莊子不合儒家的言論，實乃「矯激一偏之言」，其大宗旨未嘗與聖人異，二者本質上是可以整合的。於是林希逸引用儒家概念，將二者間的觀念進行巧妙的整合。進而將其理學思想運用在對《莊子》的解釋，使得《莊子口義》有著鮮明的理學色彩。後以「憤世嫉邪」而發「過當之論」為莊子作辯護。林希逸「以儒解莊」為後世提供新的闡釋方法，進一步了解宋代莊子學之儒學化傾向。於此探究出《莊子口義》所呈顯的思想和價值。

關鍵字

林希逸；莊子口義；莊子；以儒解莊

並列摘要

Lin Xiyi was a Confucianist in the late Southern Song Dynasty whose teacher was Chen Zao, a very famous scholar in Ai Xuan School. Lin Xiyi in his book, ＂Oral Significance of Zhuangzi＂, employs an oral way to explain Zhuangzi's ideas. Besides interpreting Zhuangzi from the perspective of Buddhism and Confucianism, he also changes the traditional method of interpreting the meaning of ＂Zhuangzi＂, paying close attention to ＂Zhuangzi's＂ literary achievements. Therefore, Li Xiyi not only makes a great many contributions to interpret Zhuangzi, but also has significant effects on the later scholars who try interpreting Zhuangzi. This paper will focuses on Lin's method of ＂Citing Confucianism to interpret Zhuangzi＂ to show ＂Oral Significance of Zhuangzi's＂ contribution in interpreting Zhuangzi; all of the arguments will be in four aspects. In Lin's opinion, through the extreme accounts of Zhuangzi, it is after all not contradictory with what Confucianists say. Therefore, Lin Xiyi cites the conceptions of Confucianism to combine ＂Zhuangzi＂. Because of the defense by Lin, ＂Oral Significance of Zhuangzi＂ becomes distinctively Confucianized. Moreover, Lin offers another of way of reading ＂Zhuangzi＂ which promotes the Confucianist's development in the Song Dynasty.