「鯤鵬之化」中莊子逍遙境界的詮釋討論

Analysis of Zhuangzi's Ideological Significance in the Transformation of Xunpeng

謝翰哲(Sie Han-jhe)

《東吳中文線上學術論文》 51期 (2020/09) Pp. 23-41

摘要

莊子思想繁富，文字玄妙，書中的寓言多寄托著莊子自身的超越之心，如何「逍遙」此一命題成為了探尋莊子思想的核心，而作為全書首篇的〈逍遙遊〉一文，直以篇名明說了莊子自身的此核心價值，自然成為歷代注莊者著力的對象，在這樣的意識基礎之下，文首「鯤鵬之化」的寓言便有了不可言說的代表性地位，這樣一個北方海中的千里巨鯤，化為垂天大鵬直上雲霄而圖南的寓言故事，奠定了《莊子》內七篇富含超越現實的奇幻色彩，也彰顯莊子的行文手法，透過文字的曖昧性，向世人展示他在經驗世界所感知體驗的「道」。莊子語言的可多重解讀性，使得「鯤鵬之化」充滿了萬千詮釋方向，雖然歷來注家們各以自身的生命經驗作為基底，開展出各種不同的詮釋方向，但他們所追尋著的都是同樣的「逍遙」核心。然而此處卻產生了一個疑問，若鯤鵬之化的寓言隱含著莊子自身對於生命逍遙境界的追尋，那這個寓言所展現出來的境界，對莊子而言是否就是其心目中欲追尋的消遙盡頭呢？鯤鵬之化寓言與其篇名〈逍遙遊〉有著高度關聯，甚至與莊子自身的思想有著密切的連結，篇名「逍遙」一詞散發著超脫世俗枷鎖的氣息，然而其所展現的文句卻並無具體明確地建立一個美好逍遙境界的描寫，反而是永遠不及的意味更加深重，何以有此意涵衝突矛盾之處？成為了本文意欲探詢的目標。

關鍵字

莊子 ； 鯤鵬 ； 逍遙

並列摘要

Zhuangzi's thoughts are rich, the words are mysterious, and the fables in the book mostly rely on Zhuangzi's transcendence. How to ＂get away＂ has become the most important proposition in Zhuangzi's thought discussion. As the first article in the book, ＂Happy Travel＂, Straightforwardly stated the core value of Zhuangzi with the title, and the parable of the ＂Peng Peng Zhi Hua＂ at the head of the text has an unspeakable representative status. Nan's fable story has laid out the seven fantasy stories in Zhuangzi that are rich in transcending reality. The multiple interpretability of Zhuangzi's language makes ＂Zhen Penghua＂ full of interpretations from different directions, but the main axis of interpretation still focuses on the purpose of his article ＂Happy＂. However, Dapeng's response to the wind and still pursuing Nanzhao, such awaiting behavior is not like Zhuangzi's impunity, and the latter paragraph is as good as Liezi's, but also needs to be treated. Here, Zhuangzi has not been truly described here. The image of a real person and a person seems to be still inadequate. Even if Zhuangzi feels that he really has a free and easy journey to the realm? The first paragraph of Zhuangzi's Fable Phantomization Fable is clearly related to the article Xiao Xiaoyou, and even has a close relationship with Zhuang Zi's own thoughts. However, the sentences he displays do not have a specific description of Xiaoyao, but rather ＂ The meaning of ＂less than＂ is even more profound. Why this means conflict and contradiction has become the goal of this article. Through this article's combing and analysis of the text, in order to deeply explore Zhuangzi's allegorical allegorical meaning and Zhuangzi's thoughts of carefreeness.

並列關鍵字

Zhuangzi ； Kun Peng ； Xiaoyao