身心障礙者臨托服務需要與使用落差：以臺中市為例

本文探究身心障礙臨時托顧服務使用率低的原因，是使用需求低、或是服務輸送有障礙，造成服務可近性低？哪些屬性的身心障礙者家庭對臨托服務較有迫切性？本研究試圖瞭解臨托服務政策需要與使用兩端的經驗、困境，以及修訂政策建議。藉由質性研究之深入訪談方法，以臺中市為研究場域，訪談身心障礙者臨托服務的提供者和服務使用者。研究發現包括：政府補助臨托服務費用低於長期照顧之喘息服務費用、服務內容界定僵化、申請身心障礙照顧者津貼便不得使用臨托服務，有臨托需求者從而無法申請，以及臨托專業訓練不足與臨托人員短缺，家庭照顧者只能自行設法解決，而這也是臨托服務申請案件甚少的主要原因。研究建議包括：修訂臨托計畫相關規定，包括提高時薪、修訂服務內容、發展非以個案家宅為限的臨托服務、申請照顧津貼與臨托服務可以彈性搭配，擴增照顧服務人力，以及增加認識身心障礙者及照顧與支持服務之相關專業訓練。

關鍵字

身心障礙者；臨托服務；喘息服務；心智障礙者

並列摘要

This study explores the causes for the low usability rate of short-term care service for disabled people, raising the questions: Is it because of low demand, obstacle of service delivery, or low service accessibility? What kind of families with a disabled member show higher demand for short-term care service? This study explores demand and use experience and difficulties of short-term care service policy and offers suggestions for modification. Through in-depth interviews under a qualitative research approach and taking Taichung City as the research scope, this study interviewed providers and users of short-term care service of disabled people. According to research findings, a governmental subsidy of short-term care service is lower than respite care expenditure for long-term care. The definition of service content is rigid, and the applicants of caregiver allowance of the disabled cannot use short-term care service. Those with demand for short-term care cannot apply for the service, and there is a lack of short-term care professional training. Home caregivers can only search for their own solution, which is the main reason that applications for short-term care service are so few. We offer some suggestions to enhance care service: make amendments on regulations related to short-term care programs, including an increase in hourly pay, a modification of service content, the development of short-term care service that is not limited to homes of the disabled people, flexibility between application of care allowance and short-term care service, expansion of care service manpower, enhanced knowledge regarding disabled people, and professional training related to care and support services.