臺灣原住民部落環境自主營造的感悟與省思

The Apprehension and Introspection on the Autonomous Construction of Living Environment by the Aboriginal in Taiwan

林鑑澄(Jiann-Cherng Lin) ； 葉美秀(Mei-Hsiu Yeh)

《鄉村旅遊研究》 9卷1期 (2016/06) Pp. 27-36

摘要

民族文化是一個民族在歷史長河中長期積澱的發展脈絡，展現民族獨有的生活態度、處世哲學與天地觀，也是民族得以在族群競爭中瓜迭綿延、枝繁葉茂的基礎。在地文化為鄉村發展重要的資源，也是鄉村自我認同與社群凝聚向心力的根源，展現出鄉村居民生長於斯的生活哲學以及利用天地資源的態度；當「我們就是這樣生活」足以成為維繫族群永續生存與壯大的文化產業，就證明了這個民族的自信與偉大。長久以來台灣的原住民文化受到漠視，也使得原民文化由於現代化的洪流而迅速凋零遺失；原民部落傳統的社會組織與運作、俯仰生息的生活哲學以及對待自然的態度表達了對長期積累的生活經驗的傳承，族群倫理的尊重，以及環境友善觀念的實踐等；隨著近年來大眾對生態環境的重視以及對各部族特有文化的尊重而逐漸受到肯定，使得原民部落的文化景觀有逐步復甦的跡象。也因著社區營造觀念抬頭，以及國內人文產業的休閒觀光推展，原民部落的人文產業遂成為極具潛力的重要資源。霧台鄉魯凱族的傳統人文活動，結合地區農業生產與民族工藝，傳統社群結構的維繫加上濃重的宗教氛圍，呈現極為獨特的人文風情，為文化生活化、產業化的典範。本文嘗試以「霧台－雲豹的故鄉－神的榮耀」作為原民地區人文產業發展的主題，探討以文化產業帶動原民部落鄉村旅遊發展歷程中所面臨的課題，傳統原民生活作為文化產業發展的資源運用，以及專業者參與原民部落文化旅遊開發的感悟與省思。

關鍵字

原住民 ； 自主營造

並列摘要

National culture is a long-term accumulated context of a nation in the long process of history which presents significant living attitude, philosophy of life and sense of cosmos of the nation, and the foundation which keep the nation develop vividly under competition among nations. Local culture plays critical role in rural development which is the root of community self-identification consciousness and social cohesion condensation that has illustrate the life philosophy of the people and the attitude of resource usage. When simply assuming aspects of ＂this is the way we live＂ as materials of cultural industry development are sufficient to maintain and strengthen viability of the nation, the sense of nation confidence and pride thus will be approved. Its being a long time that the aboriginal culture been ignore, consequently leading to cultural wither rapidly under trends of modernization. Yet the preservation of traditional structure and operation of aboriginal social regime, life philosophy in daily livelihood, the respect to the ethic of nation groups, and the implementation of practical environmental friendly concepts, are as a whole has illustrated the continuation of traditional heritage. Due to the awareness of environmental preservation and the trends of respect to the specific culture and groups, the resuscitation of aboriginal tradition culture became more positively change. On the other hand, because of the promotion of community autonomous construction and the impulsion on tourism development in cultural aspect, the aboriginal tradition culture thus become significant potential resources. The traditional living culture and customs of Lu-Kai tribe, which integrate local agricultural production with national techniques, traditional social regime and with deep religious atmosphere, has present an unique ethnical characteristic that can be seen as paragon of cultural transformation and industrialization. This paper is attempt to explore issues in agro and rural tourism development in aboriginal tribe by applying tradition culture as potential materials in cultural industry development, and the apprehension and introspection from professional participants on the autonomous construction of living environment by the aboriginal.

並列關鍵字

Aboriginal ； Autonomous Construction of Living Environment