以資源基礎理論建立休閒漁業發展策略之研究

Study of the Construction of a Development Strategy for Recreational Fisheries by the Resource-Based Theory

鍾政偉(Cheng-Wei Chung)

《休閒產業管理學刊》 13卷2期 (2020/09) Pp. 19-44

https://doi.org/10.6213/JLRIM.202009_13(2).0002

摘要

隨著世代的轉變，生活習慣的調整，休閒觀光已成為當代人不可或缺的生活要素。傳統漁業在科技進步與相關資源的限制下，面臨到極大的挑戰與困境；因此轉型已變成一個備受關注的關鍵選項。然而，被威脅的傳統漁業在轉型發展策略上卻面臨到無所依從的困境；為因應漁業環境變遷及民眾生活等眾多改變，漁業署自1991年開始積極推動傳統漁業轉型發展休閒漁業，透過漁港遊憩、魚貨直銷消費、海鮮品嚐、賞鯨、海釣及海洋生態觀光之方式，並兼具漁業體驗、生態保育及觀光遊憩的功能，期望漁民能藉由產業轉型帶來收益及就業機會，帶動地方的觀光與產業。本研究以資源基礎理論建立休閒漁業發展策略，透過文獻蒐集及專家訪談，建構出七大構面42項準則的初步評估架構，運用修正式模糊德爾菲建立專家準則架構，篩選出23項準則，再利用詮釋結構模式分析目標要素之次序邏輯關係，最後使用網路層級分析法作為最終之權重計算與方案比較，使評估準則更加客觀與科學。依據23項準則，相較評比計算之研究結果，評選適宜發展休閒漁業之漁港，優先依序為淡水第二漁港（A_5）≻梧棲漁港（A_4）≻小琉球漁港（A_2）≻烏石漁港（A_3）≻蚵仔寮漁港（A_1），並依據指標準則提出發展休閒漁業之建議。對於方案下權重指數較低的準則缺口，可以對照其他方案作為相互對照及比較，將其列為優先改善之項目，並整合搭配相關較高權重之指標，透過自身之資源優勢建立發展地方休閒漁業之策略。

關鍵字

休閒漁業 ； 資源基礎理論 ； 修正式模糊德爾菲 ； 詮釋結構模式 ； 網路層級分析法

並列摘要

With the change of generations and adjustment of living habits, leisure sightseeing has become an indispensable element of modern people's lives. Limited by scientific and technological progress and related resources, traditional fisheries are facing great challenges and dilemmas. Therefore, the transformation of traditional fisheries has become a key option of great concern. However, the threatened traditional fisheries are trapped in the dilemma of having no basis for compliance in terms of a transformation strategy. In response to the changes of the fishery environment and the lives of the people, the Fisheries Agency of Taiwan has been actively promoting the transformation from traditional fisheries to recreational fisheries since 1991. Recreational fisheries have such forms as fishing port recreation, direct selling and consumption of fish products, seafood tasting, whale watching, marine fishing, and marine ecotourism, as well as the functions of fishery experience, ecological conservation and sightseeing, and recreation. It is expected that this transformation can bring benefits and employment opportunities to fishermen and promote local tourism and industry. This study established the development of a recreational fisheries strategy under Resource-Based Theory (RBT). Through a literature collection and expert interviews, it constructed a preliminary evaluation framework including 42 criteria from seven dimensions. An expert criteria framework was established using the Modified Fuzzy Delphi Method and a total of 23 criteria were screened out. Then, Interpretive Structural Modeling was used to analyze the sequential logic relationship of the target elements. Finally, the Analytic Network Process was used as the final weight calculation and scheme comparison to provide more objective and scientific evaluation criteria. According to the 23 criteria, compared with the research result after the rating calculation, the fishing ports suitable for recreational fisheries were selected. The priority was Tamsui Second Fishing Port (A_5)≻ Wuqi Fishing Port (A_4)≻ Hsiao Liouciou Island Fishing Port (A_2)≻ Wushi Fishing Port (A_3)≻ Kezailiao Fishing Port (A_1). Suggestions for the development of recreational fisheries were put forward according to the index criteria. Criteria gaps with a lower weight index under the schemes could be ranked as priority improvement projects through cross-referencing and comparison with other schemes, and indexes with higher weights could be integrated to establish the strategy of developing local recreational fisheries based on their resource advantages.

並列關鍵字

recreational fisheries ； Resource-Based Theory (RBT) ； Modified Fuzzy Delphi Method (MFDM) ； Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) ； Analytic Network Process (ANP)

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