試析客家女詩人杜潘芳格之詩歌

杜潘芳格是近代台灣重要的客家女詩人，其詩歌呈現多元化的內涵與豐沛情感張力和寫實的時代風貌，從客家話到日本語再到北京話，她的詩作訴說是個人的不平遭遇，是大環境的無奈，是歷史的滄桑，故被稱為「跨越語言一代」的詩人，而特殊的成長背景，使她於不同的國籍及語言中顛沛流離，然卻也因此激盪蓄積了其詩文創作之靈感，拾掇素材以凝視觀照的活水源頭，詩是最精鍊的語言，她深具巧思地融合現實與現代的表現手法傳遞美感經驗。再者，本研究以女性主義的觀點來詮釋其詩文本所展現的意蘊內涵，並佐以作家的背景、女性化歷程相互參證，演繹出台灣知識女性在性別角色上的掙扎彷徨與反省自覺，並且透過研究過程的後設觀察，點出性別閱讀的特質與侷限，更貼近詩人的女性心靈。

關鍵字

杜潘芳格；女性主義；客家女詩人

並列摘要

Tu-Pan, Fang-Ko, a modern important Hakkas poetess in Taiwan, whose poems are characterized by variety, copious affection, and realism. She conducted her poems in Hakka, Japanese, and Mandarin. Also, her poetic composition is reflected by her personal unfair experience, hopeless feeling on the environment, and hardship she has been through in her life. Therefore, she is known as ”the poetess across the language border”. Her special childhood background made her learn different language and has different nationality. However, this gave her the inspiration of literature creativity, and the inspiration of picking up the material for writing, and helped her observe her life calmly. Poems are the most essential form of language. She expresses the artistic feeling by well adopting realistic and contemporary approach. This study describes the spirit of the poems based on the viewpoint of feminism, and verifies the poems by the author's background and the history of her feminism process. Moreover, this study suggests the struggle and the self- reflection of well-educated Taiwanese women. Metafiction of research process points out the characteristics and the restriction of gender reading. This is more closed to the mentality of female poetess.