一種新穎簡易的方法測量液體表面張力係數

A Novel and Simple Method for Measuring Liquid Surface Tension Coefficient

洪碩成(Shuo-Cheng Hung) ； 吳東翰(Dong-Han Wu) ； 張上仁(Shang-Jen Chang)

《物理教育學刊》 14卷2期 (2013/12) Pp. 145-153

https://doi.org/10.6212/CPE.2013.1402.05

摘要

本研究目的是利用表面張力、浮力和重力相互平衡的簡單概念，設計一套簡易、便宜、準確度又高的嶄新液體表面張力係數測量裝置。從實驗顯示可得知，當物體與液體的接觸面產生親水性時，可以準確的測量出液體的表面張力係數，且其百分誤差小於0.5%。液體「內聚力」大小與液體固體表面的「接觸力」，將決定液體與固體接觸的接觸角。一個物體密度大於液體的漂浮體，除了一般所知的表面張力外，還有因液體表面形變所造成的浮力。利用燻黑的玻璃產生碳微粒，造成液體的疏水性，探討液體親水性和疏水性在沉體和浮體時接觸角的變化。親水性的物體，若為漂浮浮體，其接觸面為上凸；若為漂浮沉體，則接觸面為下凹。疏水性的物體，不管事漂浮浮體或是漂浮沉體，其接觸面都是下凹形貌。

關鍵字

表面張力係數 ； 接觸角 ； 親水性 ； 疏水

並列摘要

The purpose of this research is to use a simple balance concept of surface tension, buoyancy and gravity. This is a simple, cheap and high accuracy method to measure the surface tension. Both cohesion and surface contact force of liquid will determine the contact angle of a liquid and an object. A simple method to measure surface tension coefficient of liquid will be convenient and accurate. A floating object which its density is more than liquid causes not only the surface tension but also the buoyancy due to liquid surface deformation. A smoked glass with carbon particles causes liquid hydrophobic. We will explore the hydrophilic and hydrophobic fluids related to contact angles, which the objects are either the sink or the buoy. For a hydrophilic object with floating buoys, its contact surface is convex. For a floating sink, the contact surface is concave. For a hydrophobic object, regardless of floating buoys or floating sink, the contact surface will be concave.

並列關鍵字

Surface tension coefficient ； Contact angle ； Hydrophilic effect ； Hydrophobic effect