光的干涉繞射實驗教學問題探討

Exploration of Physical Optics Experiment Teaching: Interference and Diffraction

邱韻如(Yun-Ju Chiu)

《物理教育學刊》 18卷2期 (2017/12) Pp. 39-51

https://doi.org/10.6212/CPE.2017.1802.03

摘要

光的干涉繞射現象，是波動光學裡非常基本且重要的觀念。在雷射光源極為普及的現今，進行光的干涉繞射實驗並不困難，學生可以很輕易及清楚的透過實驗看到干涉及繞射的現象，但仍有許多學生沒有親眼見過此現象。作者在大一普物實驗教學中，引導學生以定性觀察，比較並描繪干涉繞射的圖形，紀錄並探究單狹縫、雙狹縫及多狹縫的縫寬、縫距及縫數分別對干涉繞射圖形所產生的影響。這個以定性觀察及以繪圖記錄的實驗，看起來只要控制好變因、找出異同，實驗結果就顯而易見，但其實不然。作者發現學生在定性探討方面的能力缺失，多年來不僅沒有改進，還每況愈下。本文除了探討光的干涉繞射概念教學與實驗的問題，也特別針對這部分的實驗教學過程及期末筆試所展現的成效進行探討，提供各級物理教師現場教學參考。

關鍵字

雙狹縫干涉 ； 單狹縫繞射 ； 縫距 ； 縫寬 ； 定性實驗

並列摘要

Interference and diffraction are the core conceptions in physical optics. It is hard to teach and learn these concepts, but conducting such experiments by laser pointer is quite easy nowadays. However, many students are still in the absence of experience to observe the phenomena of interference and diffraction. In this study, the college students were guided to recognize and record the characteristic of patterns of double-slit interference, single-slit diffraction and multiple-slit diffraction with diverse slit width and space. Students must conduct the qualitative experiments by the method of control variables and depict various kinds of patterns on the screen. It seems easy but it is not. This study addresses students' difficulties in understanding related concepts and conducting experiments in physical optics. It would be helpful for physics teachers to design and improve their instructions.

並列關鍵字

double-slit interference ； single-slit diffraction ； slit width ； slit space ； qualitative experiment