從平民到英雄－元代水滸戲與明代小說《水滸傳》比較論析

From Civilian to Hero-A Comparison of Shuihu Opera of the Yuan Dynasty and the Legend of Shuihu of the Ming Dynasty

張燕瑾(Yan-Jin Zhang)

《戲曲學報》 3期 (2008/06) Pp. 89-103

https://doi.org/10.7020/JTCT.200806.0089

摘要

元代的水滸戲與明代小說《水滸傳》同屬於文學作品中的水滸系列，卻是絕然不同的兩個系統。題材不同，《水滸傳》繼承歷史記載和宋末元初水滸傳說的早期形態，寫的是超人英雄，群體性對抗；而水滸戲寫的是平民英雄，單打獨鬥。思想內容不同，小說中的「忠義」體現的是漢代以後皇權獨尊的內涵；水滸戲的「忠義」則是先秦時期有利於民的原則。小說中的人物形象是傳奇人物，而戲裹刻畫的是世俗英雄。小說體現的是農民意識，元代戲曲體現的是市民情趣。

關鍵字

忠義 ； 替天行道 ； 傳奇英雄 ； 世俗英雄

並列摘要

Shuihu Opera of the Yuan Dynasty and the novel The Legend of Shuihu from the Ming Dynasty belong to a series of Shuihu's stories in literary works, though the two are absolutely different systems. Firstly, the contents are different. The Legend of Shuihu inherits historical records and the early form of Shuihu legend between the Later Song Dynasty and the Early Yuan Dynasty: about superhuman heroes and confrontations of different groups. The Shuihu opera, on the other hand, is about civilian heroes' scraps. Secondly, their themes are different. The ”loyalty” embodied in The Legend of Shuihu is a loyalty to the emperor after the Han Dynasty. But the ”loyalty” of Shuihu opera embodies the conducive-to-people principal of the pre-Quin Dynasty. Lastly, the novel depicts legendary characters, while the opera, secular heroes. The novel reflects the consciousness of peasants, while the opera, the public taste.

並列關鍵字

Loyalty ； the war of justice ； legendary hero ； secular hero

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