崑劇在臺灣之概況及其當前之表演類型

「崑劇」在臺灣的發展，是從曲友的定期「曲會」演唱崑曲開始，基本上是從1949年以後才逐漸形成和推廣。臺灣的崑曲，從曲友的愛好而定期演唱，到社團組織的演出，進而到學校的教學體系正規教育，使得崑曲在臺灣有逐漸活絡的發展。目前臺灣沒有公部門的崑劇劇團，但是業餘崑劇相關劇團則不少，目前有：水磨曲集崑曲劇團、臺灣崑劇團、蘭庭崑劇團、台北崑劇團、絲竹京崑劇團、曾韻清京崑劇團、幽蘭樂坊、賞樂坊、詠風劇坊、二分之一Q劇場等十團體。屬於社團性質的崑曲團體也有許多，民間社團則有台北崑曲研究社；學校社團包含：台北一女中崑曲社、臺灣大學崑曲研究社、臺灣師範大學崑曲研究社、政治大學崑曲社、銘傳大學崑曲社、中央大學崑曲社、中興大學崑曲社、東吳大學崑曲社、輔仁大學崑曲社等。這些崑劇相關的團體，各有自己的特色，並且這些劇團也在各自辦理工作坊，以培訓更多喜愛崑曲的朋友們，能唱崑曲、能演崑劇，可見臺灣的崑曲藝術之發展是非常活絡的。就臺灣目前崑劇表演藝術的內容，可分為曲會的崑曲演唱，與崑劇的展演二個面向，而這些京劇相關專業演員與崑曲曲友之間互相配搭演出，加以各業餘劇團為了展現該團的特色，而創發新意之下，讓崑劇在臺灣有了多元化的表演特色，產生崑劇表演上之不同類型，有保持師承傳統之表演類型；從傳統基礎創發改變之表演類型；崑劇融入其他劇種之表演類型；話劇融入崑劇之表演類型等四種。從崑劇在臺灣之現況，可以探析出崑劇流播到臺灣之後，豐富了臺灣現代劇場，雖然這些現代劇場之展演，都是在嘗試與實驗階段，但是各有各的走向和特色。可見崑劇像一棵深根的大樹，可以產生豐碩之果實；也可以將其豐富的養分輸送給相關的需求者。我們可以這麼說：崑劇是我國民族藝術中，最優雅之文學、最精緻之表演藝術，是可供後代子孫取之不盡、用之不竭之泉源。

關鍵字

傳統崑劇；現代劇場；融入式；拼貼式

並列摘要

The development of the Kunju Opera in Taiwan began with periodic ”meeting of melody,” in which performers of the Kunju sang onstage the Kunqu Opera. It gradually took shape and then extended after 1949. In Taiwan the Kunqu Opera was conducted first from performers' periodic singing, then to private organizational performance, and further onto academic curricula in schools. In this way the Kunqu Opera gradually developed.Presently there is no official Kunju Opera troupe in Taiwan, but there are many private Kunju related opera troupes, such as: Shuimo quji Kunqu Opera Troupe, Taiwan Kunju Opera Troupe, Lanting Kunju Opera Troupe, Taipei Kunju Opera Troupe, Sizhu Chinese Peking Opera and Kunju Opera Troupe, Zeng Yunqing Chinese Peking Opera and Kunju Opera Troupe, Youlan Music Workshop, Shang Music Workshop, Yongfeng Theater Workshop, and 1/2 Q Theatre, all together ten groups. There are also many Kunqu Opera associations. In terms of folk association there is the Taipei Kunqu Opera Research Association, and in terms of school association there are Taipei First Girls High School Kunqu Opera Association, National Taiwan University Kunqu Opera Research Association, National Taiwan Normal University Kunqu Opera Research Association, National Chengchi University Kunqu Opera Association, Ming Chuan University Kunqu Opera Association, National Central University Kunqu Opera Association, National Chung Hsing University Kunqu Opera Association, Soochow University Kunqu Opera Association, and Fu Jen Catholic University Kunqu Opera Association, etc. These Kunju related groups, with their distinctive individual features, have organized workshops to train interested people to sing Kunqu Opera and to perform Kunju Opera. Hence, in Taiwan, the development of the art of Kunju is prosperous.Currently in Taiwan, the content of the performing art of the Kunju Opera can be divided into two dimensions, namely the singing performance of Kunqu and the acting performance of Kunju. Further, the matching performance between the Peking Opera related professional performers and the Kunju Opera performers, together with the special characteristics invented by each amateur troupe, resulted in the diversified Kunju Opera performing style in Taiwan. This distinct diversification can be classified into four types: 1) keeping the traditional style; 2) innovating performing style; 3) Kunju blending into other theater performing style; 4) modern play blending into Kunju performing style.Examining the current condition of the Kunju Opera in Taiwan, we see clearly how it has enriched the Modern Taiwan theater performances since first being introduced into Taiwan. Though still at a testing phase, these modern theater performances have their own unique features and characteristics. The Kunju Opera resembles a deep rooted tree, bearing abundant fruits and providing nutrition to all related fields. We can say that Kunju, among all national art forms, is the most graceful literature, the most refined performing art, and the fountainhead for later generations with inexhaustible inspirations.