河北省雄安新區非物質文化考察－大馬莊村評劇團

「評劇」是流行在中國華北、東北一帶地區的戲曲劇種，由於分布地域很廣，內容通俗易懂，因此是北方廣大民眾所喜聞樂見的戲曲劇種，形成的時間和地點約於1910年左右，形成於河北唐山一帶。評劇原名「平腔梆子戲」，俗稱「唐山落子」或「蹦蹦戲」，是由說唱發展形成的，其前身是河北省東部灤州一帶的對口「蓮花落」，而「蓮花落」是由民間說唱「什不閑」發展而來。河北雄安新區安新縣劉李莊鎮大馬莊村評劇團，在1930年代已經有表演活動了，最初是該村村民到外地學習了評劇，返回村中聚集有興趣的村民進行排練演戲，是代代傳習進行表演而形成的評劇團。據筆者田野調查訪談了解，該團對團員要求技藝專業，演出藝術性佳，行頭的配備健全，舞台燈光佈景設備講究，因此收費高。每年配合春節和廟會活動，到大隊義務演出多場，而到各村參與紅白事的演出，每月至少10場以上，也就是一年超過100場。因此該團目前是大陸比較活躍的評劇團體。本文首先探析評劇之名稱原由和發展歷程；其次，敘述河北雄安新區安新縣劉李莊鎮大馬莊村評劇團的歷史背景，該團在1930年代已經有表演活動了，是歷史悠久的評劇團；其三，論述該團的演出場合與表演特色，該團是官民合一的劇團，演員行當和樂師都齊全，加以重視技藝與排練的默契，因此可以搬演的劇目就比較多，演出效果也相對的好；最後從訪談資料歸納分析該團家族傳承的現象與原由，評劇團員有許多是家族淵源而參與學戲演戲，因此家族式的傳承為該團的特色。期望此文之資料不僅能記錄保存評劇的當代表演現況，並能提供相關研究者參考。

關鍵字

評劇；大馬莊村評劇團；平腔梆子戲；蹦蹦戲

並列摘要

＂Pingju Opera,＂ a Xiqu genre, has been popular in the north and northeast parts of China. Since it's been spread far and wide, and the content has been easy for the audience to understand, Pingju has been much liked and well-received by the people from the northern China. Pingju has been established around 1910 in Tangshan, Hebei. It was firstly called ＂Ping-qiang Bangzi-xi,＂ or ＂Tangshan Laozi＂ or ＂Beng-beng-xi,＂ which comes from a narrating and singing form. It originated from the dialogic ＂Lotus Lao＂ from Luan Zhou in the east Hebei, and ＂Lotus Lao＂ has been derived from ＂Shi-bu-xian,＂ a folk singing art. Da Ma Zhuang Cun Pingju Opera Troupe, which is from Liu-li-zhuang Town, An-xin County, Xiongan New Area, Hebei Province, started performing since the 1930s. Initially, the villagers learned Pingju opera from other cities, then came back to gather all who were interested to practice and rehearse, and finally formed a Pingju opera troupe from generation to generation. According to my interview and survey, the troupe demands that its member should have high professional skills, artistic performances, complete props and costume, and sophisticated stage lightning and prop designs, which results in high charge of their performances. Every year the troupes would perform for the Chinese New Year and religious festivals, or volunteer performing for the country for many times. The troupe regularly perform for both weddings and funerals for more than 10 times per month; that is, more than 100 times per year. Therefore, this troupe is one of the most active troupes in China. This paper will firstly analyze the historical background of Da Ma Zhuang Cun Pingju Opera Troupe, from Liu-li-zhuang Town, An-xin County, Xiongan New Area, Hebei Province. This troupe started performing since the 1930s with a long history. Secondly, the paper will discuss the acting condition and features of the performances. This troupe is half official and half private, with complete actors and musicians. In addition, with the acting techniques and the consensus among members when rehearsing, the troupes is capable of presenting various plays and good stage effects. Thirdly, based on the interview materials I collect and analyze, we could know the phenomena and reasons how the family pass down the heritage, and realize the reasons why many members participate in this performing profession are because of their families, which becomes a unique feature of this troupe. Hopefully, this paper might not only document and preserve the present condition of Pingju opera and provide relevant materials for related researchers' references.