旱災與民間祭祀演劇研究

旱災作為中國最主要的災害類型、歷史文獻記錄最多和最具連續性的災害類型，對歷代社會生活造成了巨大的負面影響。而在科技相對落後、觀念固守和來自政府、個人的救災能力不足之時，在民間針對旱災及其相關神靈信仰的禳災演劇祭祀活動也便成為最為普遍的災荒獻祭行為和應對旱災的手段之一。而民眾的這一行為和心理，反映在民間信仰和文化習俗上，就是對旱災形成的相應神靈的信仰與祭祀，最常見的是龍王、湯王和關帝的祭祀，還有一些地方性神靈，如流行於山西洪洞縣的水神明應王也是當地面對旱災祈禱的神靈。正是民眾將演劇之行為依附於神靈信仰之上，從而形成災荒獻祭時自我虔誠的表達。

關鍵字

旱災；演劇；民間祭祀；民眾心理

並列摘要

Drought, as the most important disaster type and the most continuous disaster type recorded in historical literature, has brought enormous negative impact on the social life of past dynasties. While the science and technology are relatively backward, the concept is rigid and the disaster relief ability from the government and individuals is insufficient, in the folk for drought and related to the worship of the gods of the religious activities will also become the most common acts of famine sacrifice and one of the means to deal with drought. This behavior and psychology of the people, reflected in folk beliefs and cultural practices, is the belief and sacrifice of the corresponding gods formed by the drought, the most common of which are the sacrifices of Dragon King, King Tang and Guan Yu, as well as some local gods, popular in Hongtong County , Shanxi Province, the water God Ming Ying Wang is also the local God of drought prayer. It is the people will play the Act of God attached to the belief in the form of famine sacrifice self-expression of piety.