《長生殿．密誓》集曲曲式探析

The Investigation of Chi-Chu: Secret Vow of Palace of Eternal Youth

陳茗芳(Chen, Ming-Fang)

《戲曲學報》 25期 (2021/12) Pp. 119-158

https://doi.org/10.7020/JTCT.202112_(25).0005

摘要

洪昇所撰之《長生殿》論其文學與音樂皆為經典之範，結構與曲文細緻而華麗，音律婉轉卻嚴謹，論及排場腳色分配與曲牌宮調運用，排場結構及音律辭采，皆涵蓋音樂理論與技法；本文於施德玉老師等前賢研究成果的基礎上，擇以《長生殿．密誓》作為研究範疇，對其曲牌「集曲」形式進行探悉，其用牌〔商調〕【二郎神】主套中，夾有集曲〔越調〕【山桃紅】及［商調］【鶯簇一金羅】二首，「摘句相連成曲」之特徵，及多樣性變化的音樂結構，即為本研究分析探討的核心，進而將整齣曲牌與劇情連結，探析曲牌「集曲」形式的運用。本研究首先說明「集曲」的定義、組成形式及曲式、特色與作用；其二論述《長生殿》之排場、腳色性格運用、劇情與集曲安插情形，及《長生殿．密誓》為何為本劇重要關目之一；其三進行二首集曲音樂結構分析，包含宮調（笛色）、板眼、結音及曲調等，並與摘句原曲牌句式結構相互比較，進而討論集曲創作手法；其四，將音樂與劇情並行，藉著音樂形式結合劇情的內涵，主套中夾有集曲的模式，如何呈現腳色情感和烘托劇情。藉由曲譜與演出實踐相互例證，探討集曲曲牌創作與運用的邏輯及藝術性。

關鍵字

長生殿 ； 曲牌 ； 集曲

並列摘要

＂The Palace of Eternal Youth＂, written by Hong Sheng, is a masterpiece in terms of literature and music, and has been highly priased delicate and brilliant in structure and script, and euphemistic but meticulous in sound rule. The musical theory and techniques are all emcompassed when the distribution of the pai-chang and characters, the application of qupai and gong diao, the pai-chang structure, the rhetoric of script, and the sound rule are mentioned in ＂The Palace of Eternal Youth＂. Due to the theoretical basis of related literature, researcher Shih, Te-Yu's previous study in particular, this study focused on ＂The Secret Vow of the Palace of Eternal Youth＂ as the research field, investigating its qupai, the style of chi-chu. The qupai in the main act ＂Erlang Shen＂ applied ＂Shang Diao＂ as tonality, the act which includes two chi-chu, ＂Shan Tao Hong＂ in ＂Yue Diao＂ and ＂Ying Cu-Jin Luo＂ in ＂Shang Diao.＂ The analysis and discussion regarding the characteristics that the excerpts were connected to form the tune, and the various music structure are at the core of this study. The investigation which was about the application of qupai, the chi-chu style was connected to the entire qupai and plot. This study began with the definition, formation style, musical form, characteristics, and affects of ＂chi-chu＂. Second, the pai-chang of ＂The Palace of Eternal Youth,＂ the application of characters' personality, and how plots and chi-chu were arranged were stated in this secetion. Furthermore, the reason why ＂The Secret Vow of the Palace of Eternal Youth＂ is a critical plot in the script. Third, the music structure including gong diao, meter, tonic, and tune of two chi-chu was analyzed. The sentence pattern structure of the excerpts from original qupai was compared with the chi-chu structure. In addition, this section discussed how the chi-chu was composed. Finally, by intergrating the music style and the interpretation of plot, the model that contains chi-chu presents the emotion of characters and sets off the plot and therefore the music proceed in parallel to the plot. Demonstrating the sheet music and the practice of performance, this study discussed the logic and artistry of applying qupai, chi-chu in composition.

並列關鍵字

The Palace of Eternal Youth ； Qupai ； Chi-chu

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