牛女、孟姜、梁祝與青白蛇－曾永義院士劇作對中國民間四大傳說的承衍與創發

牛郎織女、孟姜女、梁山伯與祝英台、白蛇傳，向稱中國民間四大傳說，其淵遠流長，影響深廣，素為庶民喜愛，也受到文人雅士的青睞。曾永義院士所創作的劇本也有涉及此四大傳說者，分別是京劇《牛郎、織女、天狼星》、崑曲《孟姜女》、崑曲《梁山伯與祝英台》與京劇《青白蛇》。本文以此四種劇作為研究範圍，就其內容、人物、情節、主題等設計，探討曾著劇作對｢四大傳說」的傳承與改創，由此析論其所反映的創作觀點，以及其中蘊含的情感、思想與價值觀。這四大傳說，因其具有民族意識、集體情感，因此也符合曾永義院士定名為｢民族故事」的意涵，從這四部劇作亦可觀照其對於｢民族故事」意義的闡發。本文認為曾院士具有雅正的創作觀，在人物點染與情節氣氛的烘托上，注重文士意趣；其劇作中的主題思想，則重視情與義、善與惡的思辨。而最能體現其對於人生境界的追求者為《牛郎、織女、天狼星》，劇中人物經由天宮、人間的歷練，最後奔向桃花源，顯現的正是積極的動力，是對人生理想永無止境的追求。而曾院士的這四部劇作，也為當代劇場之古典與創新的議題，提供寶貴的示範。

關鍵字

傳說；民族故事；牛郎織女；孟姜女；梁山伯與祝英台；白蛇傳

並列摘要

The Cowherd and the Weaving Girl, Meng Jiangnu, Liang Shanbo, Zhu Yingtai, and the Legend of White Snake are known as ＂Four Great Chinese Folk Legends＂. They have a long history and profound influence. The scripts created by Academician Tseng also involved with＂ Four Great Chinese Folk Legends＂, including Peking Opera ＂The Cowherd, Weaving Girl and Sirius＂, Kunqu Opera ＂Meng Jiangnu＂, Kunqu Opera ＂Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai＂ and Peking Opera ＂Green & White Snake＂. And this article makes a research of these four plays in terms of their content, characters, plots, and themes. And also including motions, thoughts and values. ＂Four Great Chinese Folk Legends＂ are full of the national consciousness and collective emotions, are also in line with the meaning of the name ＂Ethnic Story＂ given by Academician Zeng Yong-yi. So, from these four plays, we can also observe their interpretation of the meaning of ＂Ethnic Story＂. This article believes that Academician Tseng has an elegant and upright concept of creation. He emphasizes the literati's interest in character and plot atmosphere. The theme in his plays emphasizes the speculation of love and righteousness, and good and evil. The play which best reflects his pursuit of the realm of life is ＂The Cowherd, Weaving Girl and Sirius＂. The characters in the play have experienced the heavenly palace and the world, and finally rushed to the Peach Blossom Spring. It is the positive motivation that shows the ideal of life and endless pursuit. The four plays by Academician Tseng also provide valuable examples of classical and innovative topics in contemporary theater.