記錄．傳承．創新：從清抄《白羅衫．看狀》身段譜談起

本文透過《白羅衫．看狀》一折自清代至當代的文字與影像記錄，探討該折表演藝術「乾嘉傳統」的形成，與近現代演員的傳承與創新。全文共分二節，第一節透過今存七份清抄身段譜，歸納出清代〈看狀〉的「定型」表現在兩方面：一是規範了「大堂戲」的具體項目、動作步驟與舞臺調度；二是透過語氣、動作與鑼鼓的規範，加強「盤問奶公」一場表演的節奏與張力。第二節則爬梳周傳瑛到岳美緹、石小梅的表演記錄，從四個面向探討當代該折戲對傳統的傳承重點與創作法則：一是結合身段譜表演定式與當代演員、學者觀點，總結「大堂戲」在文學意涵與表演藝術上的保存意義；二是觀察出該折手眼身髮步的技法規範愈趨細緻，但傳承重點乃在於歌舞樂密切結合的藝術規律；三是「盤問奶公」關目中表演張力的營造與強化是其精髓，而不同演員表現方式則各具特色；四是對徐繼祖性格與心境的詮釋或有不同，但皆善用「化身」、「出情」的表演手段刻劃人物。最後總結出該折自乾嘉至當代藝術傳承「後出轉精」與「求其神似」兩大規律，釐清「創新」當是「傳承」之中不可或缺的一環，而「傳統」的本質乃在於表演技法背後的規律或精神，藉此掌握當代折子戲的傳承原則與改革方向。

關鍵字

折子戲；看狀；身段譜；乾嘉傳統；周傳瑛

並列摘要

This essay explores, through the textual and visual records from the Qing dynasty to the modern times, the formation of the performing art, in the Qianjia tradition, of Reviewing the Complaint in The White Silk Robe and both the legacy and innovation of the contemporary actors. It contains two sections. In the first section, with seven Qing Shenduan Pu transcripts, two aspects of the fixed performing patterns could be found: the fundamental contents contributing to the court trail performance and the strengthening dramatic tension of the scene, Interrogating the Old Caregiver. In the second section, the play is observed for the legacy and the rules of creation from Zhou Chuanying to Yue Meiti and Shih Xiaomei through four aspects: firstly, the meaning and heritage of the court tale; secondly, the creation of ＂hand, eye, figure, hair and step＂ pattern; thirdly, building the drama tension; lastly, the interpretation of characters' inner mind to explore how the contemporary actors inherit the spirit of the Qianjia tradition and inject it with a new life. Finally, by the observation of the legacy from the Qianjia period to modern times, two regularities are concluded that the standard of performing becomes comparatively sophisticated and actors are pursuing the artistic spirit rather than merely external performance. While the innovation is indispensable to the legacy, the essence of the legacy lies in the pattern and spirit behind the performing skills. Accordingly, research of Kunju Opera Shenduan Pu could reveal the principles of how contemporary plays can pass down their legacy and improve.