反核或擁核？核廢料儲置場之審議式民主討論與原住民部落發展

Yes or No? Deliberative Democracy on Taiwan's Nuclear Waste Policy and the Development of an Aboriginal Tribe

靳菱菱(Ling-Ling Chin)

《台灣原住民族研究季刊》 5卷2期 (2012/06) Pp. 1-39

https://doi.org/10.29910/TJIS.201206.0001

摘要

「審議式民主」強調被賦權的公民在取得充分知識後，盱衡情勢提出解決社會利益衝突的方案，不但強化政府決策正當性，同時改善公民被動接受資訊、或被隔絕在「專業決策」的過程之外，這項制度彌補了選舉投票無法呈現的多元民意，同時對少數人掌握決策權力亦有深刻的批判。我國在2010年3月曾就台電設置低放射性廢棄物最終處置場候選場址進行公民審議，本文將以此檢視公民審議制度是否強化民主政治的社會階層不平等，以理性為依歸的訴求是否讓文化優勢差異更被強化。本文發現：達仁鄉有相當多數民眾認為：在環境安全無虞、政府承諾給予特定補償金下，並不反對核廢料存放在該鄉。然而地方環保團體、教會主導的反核運動幾乎凌駕支持核廢的聲浪。公民審議委員會最終結論亦表示政府應尊重當地豐富生態，核電的成本不應由少數人承擔，政府應重視原住民族基本法的相關精神。然審議過程當地排灣族人並沒有參與，政府又挾豐厚的行政資源在部落進行政策說服，亟欲脫貧的族人不認為外來者有權力決定其「福祉」，但在綠色能源大行其道的今日，贊成核廢者被污名化，間接被排除在審議的過程外，達仁鄉的個案或可成為思索「審議民主究竟滿足了誰的民主」等議題的起點。

關鍵字

台東縣達仁鄉 ； 核廢料 ； 審議式民主

並列摘要

Deliberative Democracy is regarded as a mean to improve the defaults of modern politics. It focuses on the issues concerning the diverse interests of the common good, proposed by well-informed citizens who participate in the decision-making process. This operation is not only reflected in public opinion but also supplements the shortcomings of the parliamentary system. Nantian village belongs to the Paiwan tribe of Taitung County and has been selected as one of the candidate sites for the storage nuclear waste by the Taiwan Power Company. A committee and the Public Television Station (PTS) met with 25 local citizens in March 2010 to deliberate and discuss the issue of storing nuclear waste in the vicinity of Nantian village in Daren Township. A consensus was reached that the government should respect the Indigenous Basic Law and the will of the tribesmen and that the indigenous people of the area should not be exposed to the risks of such a policy. However, most of the local indigenous people would accept the policy if the government promised that the nuclear waste could be stored safely and could provide subsidies to supplement their livelihoods. But this viewpoint has been suppressed and opposed by environmental groups. The supporters of the plan didn't participate in the process of deliberation because they were stigmatized and yielded to the pressure of the green energy groups. Deliberative Democracy couldn't treat diverse interests equally and this has strengthened the biases of the social structure and is not conducive to the disadvantaged indigenous people.

並列關鍵字

Daren Township in Taitung County ； nuclear waste ； Deliberative Democracy

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