地方方志、原住民飲酒描述與族群政治－一個知識社會學角度的考察

對於台灣原住民「酗酒」的描繪與圖像的繪製，是其與異族接觸之後不斷被社會再製及生產的。清代台灣地方志文獻中，對原住民飲酒形象的描寫，也是其中重要一環。清代地方官員或文人雅士，如何描繪台灣地方社會呢？除了地方方志，文人的日記、遊記或文學作品，也都可作為分析當時台灣社會的重要素材。本文以台灣文獻叢刊，做為主要文本分析對象。在描繪原住民的形像時，這些地方方志或文學作品中，經常出現「好酒嗜殺」、「喜酒嗜殺」或「酗酒嗜殺」的字眼，來指涉原住民，尤指未歸化的生番。在這些地方志文獻中，原住民飲酒的象徵如何呢？其族群政治意含如何？這將是本文探討核心。事實上，地方方志不僅描繪「番人」的飲酒，也談及台灣地方社會酒宴特色與參與者，當然也描繪出官員、文人「詩」酒生活。對比三者，考察官員或文人如何透過飲食來構建他者與自我，間接的反映出我群／他群之關係，迄今仍是一個值得討論的問題。

關鍵字

原住民形象；飲酒；方志；他者；族群政治

並列摘要

Descriptions and images portraying the 'excessive drinking' of the aboriginals have constantly been (re)produced by society. The description of aboriginal people's drinking is an important part in the local chronicles published in Qing-period Taiwan. How did the local officials or literati describe the local societies? In addition to the local chronicles, the literati's diaries, travel journals or literary works are important materials used to analyze the society at that time. This study uses the Taiwan Literature Series as the source of text analysis. When describing the aboriginal (especially the raw or the uncooked aborigines), some phrases such as 'love alcohol and killing' or 'addicted to alcohol and killing' often appear in these local chronicles and literary works. Given these descriptions, what are the symbolic significances and moral meanings of the aboriginal people's drinking? These are the core issues to be analyzed in this article. In fact, not only can we find many descriptions of the raw aborigines' drinking, some other features of the feasts, such as the participants (officials and／or literati) and their life and poems about drinking, can also be seen in these local chronicles. By comparing these three parts, how the concepts of otherness or the distinctions between the self and the other were fabricated through food and drink in Qing-period Taiwan is another issue worthy of studying.