國小教師照顧學童所需健康支持系統之探究：從健康識能觀點論析

健康識能具個人及環境特質是健康促進中介因素，學校與社區為緊密互動健康動態系統。本研究以某住宿型私立國小為研究範圍，透過焦點團體訪談4組18位與學童健康照顧相關教師及行政人員，探究國小教師照顧學童所需健康支持系統之建立。研究發現教師遇三困境並提出解決之道：完整健康識能培訓課程、與行政人員建立有機連帶關係及建立系統性防疫計畫。研究結論提出教師需具的健康識能，並以包含「教師健康識能培養」、「教師社會支持」、「學校衛生政策整合健康服務及傳染病防治機制，搭配物質環境」及「良好社區醫療」四層面開展健康支持系統。建議後續研究發展操作性指標，開發問卷作量化評估，以利未來廣泛評估各健康促進學校建構健康支持系統成效之用。

關鍵字

國小學童健康；健康識能；健康促進學校；健康支持系統

並列摘要

Health literacy as a personal and environmental quality is an intermediary factor for the promotion of health, and schools and communities share a close interaction in the system formation of health dynamics. The present study takes a boarding elementary school as its subject of research. Using focus groups, interviews were conducted with four groups of eighteen administrators and instructors related to the health care of schoolchildren to probe the establishment of a health system needed by elementary school teachers in charge of caring for schoolchildren. The study discovered that teachers in this case-study school encountered three problems and proposed ways to resolve them. There are the need for a complete course for health literacy training, the need for administrators to establish an organic solidarity relationship, and the need for schools to form a systematic disease prevention program to alleviate the burden of teachers. In the conclusion, the study proposes that teachers need complete health literacy and have a system in the four areas of ＂teacher health literacy training,＂＂teacher social support,＂＂school hygiene policy integrating health services and disease prevention, combined with a material environment,＂ and ＂improved community healing＂ to form a health support system. It also recommends that further studies should be conducted to establish indexes for operations, and to develop questionnaires for quantitative assessments to evaluate the efficacy of health systems established by various schools for the promotion of health.