學課研究(lesson study)之初探及其在我國小學實施的可能性探究

Inquiry of Lesson Study and the Possibility of Practice at the Elementary Scool

林國凍(Guo-Pong Lin)

《師資培育與教師專業發展期刊》 2卷1期 (2009/06) Pp. 43-60

https://doi.org/10.6764/JTEPD.200906.0043

摘要

學課研究是日本小學教師專業發展的實踐方式。教師們協同合作發展學課計畫、教學和觀察學課，並蒐集學生學習的相關資料，最後，使用觀察結果修正學課計畫；在此過程中，教師們能夠學得更多有關有效教學實踐的內容，其最終的目的在於改善學生的學習結果。
在日本小學教師爲改進課堂的教學而進行的課程與教學的研究，就稱之爲「學課研究」(lesson study)，其定義是「學生學習課題的研究」或是「一堂課的研究」，並蘊含著「研究課程或檢驗教學改善策略的意圖」。此研究「提供一個教學視窗(window)」，透過此視窗讓其他老師共同參與教學歷程；其實施程序包括設定目標、計畫學課、實際教學、修正與再教學、反省與分享結果等。
根據文獻探討的結果，筆者從兩個面向探究在我國實施的可能性探討：制度面和教師個人層面。在制度層面包括政府部門的經費支持、引發學校教學研究文化的風氣、學校應轉化教師週三進修活動內涵以及學校應尋求外部資源的支持以增進教學知能等；而在教師個人層面則包含教師應敏於察覺教學問題並尋求解決、教師應拋棄封閉的心靈讓其他教師進行教室觀察、教師之間應有協同合作的精神以及教師應將自己視爲研究者角色等。

關鍵字

教師專業成長 ； 學課計畫 ； 學課研究

並列摘要

In Japan, lesson study is a professional development practical in which teachers collaborate to develop a lesson plan, teach and observe the lesson to collect data on student learning. It is a process that teachers engage in to learn more about effective practices that result in improved learning outcomes for student.
Lesson study is a curriculum and teaching research for the teachers of elementary school in Japan to improve their teaching skills in class. Its definition is a research of learning lesson or a study of lesson which implies curriculum research or examination of teaching strategy. It provides a vision window of teaching, and through it a teacher can share his or her teaching experience together with group teachers. The process includes setting goals, planning the lesson, teaching practice, revising and re-teaching, reflecting and sharing results and so on.
According to the results of inquiry, lesson study in our country implementation possibility, including system and individual plane. First, system plane should include government department's funds support, initiate teaching research's culture, the school should transform teacher development courses on Wednesday, as well as the school should seek exterior resources that support to promote teaching's ability; next individual plane should include teacher should sensitively and seeks the solution of teaching question, teacher's mind should abandon to let other teachers carry on the classroom observation, teacher's collaboration, as well as teacher should regard as researcher's role and so on.

並列關鍵字

teacher's professional development ； lesson plan ； lesson study