學習型學校建構策略之研究

The research of the strategies for constructing the learning school

吳曉青(Wu Hsiao-ching)

指導教授 ： 張明輝

國立臺灣師範大學/教育學院/教育學系/碩士(2000年)

摘要

本研究之主要目的，冀由探討學習型學校的基本概念，引介國外學習型學校相關研究，分析學習型學校的建構策略，粹鍊其中精華，提具一套學習型學校之建構策略，並且提請精熟學習型學校概念之專業人士，給予意見與建議，匯聚出合適的學習型學校建構策略。最後，綜合研究發現，提出我國學習型學校建構策略的相關建議。
為達上述研究目的，本研究採用文獻分析法與德懷術（Delphi techniques）為研究方法。首先，探究學習型組織的基本概念，學習型學校相關概念的分析，並探討學習型學校策略的內涵、原則、參考架構，以及國內外學習型學校建構策略的實例分析。經由文獻探討的結果，研究者自編「學習型學校建構策略調查問卷」，作為本研究之調查研究工具。依據德懷術之研究流程，延請對於學習型學校有相當瞭解之專業人士，組成諮詢小組（Delphi panel），諮詢小組的成員即為本研究的諮詢委員（Delphi member）。本研究諮詢委員背景橫跨四大領域，包含學者專家（6位）、學校教育人員（30位）、教育行政人員（3位），以及家長代表（2位）等，共41位諮詢委員，自民國90年3月15日至6月7日，歷時近3個月的時間完成三回合的德懷術研究，研究過程中承蒙諮詢委員的熱心協助與配合，均全程參與，未有研究對象流失之情形。本研究將每一回合之問卷進行量化統計分析與質化意見分析，並針對三回合問卷之內容演變歷程分析討論。最後，綜合文獻探討、研究結果與發現，以及研究者個人見解，提出學習型學校建構策略的結論與建議。
綜合文獻分析與德懷術研究結果，可獲致以下結論：
一、 學習型學校的「學習」不是被動的適應，而是積極的創造。
二、 學習型學校是教育改革推動的起點。
三、 校長是推動學習型學校成敗的關鍵。
四、 學習型學校的建構策略彼此具有相互關聯性。
五、 學習型學校建構策略的發展架構為縱向連貫與橫向發展兼具。
根據研究結論，關於學習型學校的建構策略，本研究提具建議如次：
一、 成立推動小組作為學習型學校推展之先驅。
二、 發展學校共同願景引領學校革新方向。
三、 學校組織環境設計的理念應與學校願景緊密連結。
四、 以五項修練作為教師專業知能成長的動能。
五、 校長應持續追求個人與學校的自我超越。
六、 教育行政機關應成為學習型學校的前鋒與後盾。
七、 對進一步研究之建議：
（一） 研究內容方面，可以由五項修練中的其中一項入手，深入探討， 也可以依據本研究所提供的架構繼續探索。
（二） 研究方法方面，可採用質化研究方法，如觀察法或訪談法。或是使用個案研究法追蹤學習型學校推動的變化歷程。而性質與改善心智模式與團隊學習兩大修練相吻合的敘說研究法（narratives），亦為極具價值的研究方法。
（三） 研究對象方面，建議能加入社區人士與學生等學校利害關係人。
（四） 研究結果方面，可運用本研究結果所提供的建構策略，進行驗證，考察其有效性。

關鍵字

學習型學校 ； 策略

並列摘要

The main purpose of this study is to explore the concept of the learning organization, to introduce researches related to the learning organizations, and to analyze the strategies of implementing the learning organization. After summarizing all the literatures stated above, the researcher lays out a set of strategies for implementing the learning school.
This study has invited professionals from different fields to give their opinions for the strategies proposed by this study through Delphi techniques. The researcher summarizes subjects’ opinions to propose a set of strategies well recognized by the professionals. As for the last chapter of this study, the researcher proposes some suggestions for implementing the learning school.
To obtain the research purposes stated above, the researcher adopts Delphi techniques as the main research method. The researcher probes the basic concepts of the learning organization, including the principles and frameworks of building up the learning organizations and the school cases applying the learning school as the first step to conduct the research. According to the literature review, the researcher develops the questionnaire as the research tool, which is mainly about the strategies for implementing the learning school. As for the research process, the researcher invites professionals from different fields, including six scholars at collages, 30 school educators, 3 educational administration officials, and 2 parent representatives. This study takes three months to complete the Delphi study for three rounds. There is no one dropping out from the study. The researcher uses the statistical analysis and interpretive skills to discover the changes through the three rounds. Lastly, the researcher combines the result of literature reviews, the finding of the study, and personal opinions, to propose conclusions and suggestions for strategies about implementing the learning school.
The conclusions of the study are as follows,
1. The “learning’’ concept of the learning school is not passive but active.
2. Building up the learning school is the beginning of the educational reform.
3. Principals are critical components of building up the learning organizations.
4. The strategies of building up the learning organizations are interrelated.
5. The framework of the strategies of building up the learning organization is horizontally and vertically developed.
According to the conclusions stated above, the suggestions of this study are as follows,
1. Setting up the pilot group to implement the learning school.
2. Discussing the school visions to lead the school improvement.
3. The concepts of the school environment design should be closely connected to the vision of the school.
4. The five disciplines should be used as the start of developing teacher professional development.
5. Principals should pursue personal and school mastery.
6. The educational bureaus should be the pioneers and the guards of the learning school.
7. Suggestions for further studies are:
(1) As for the research content, adopting one of the five disciplines for further exploration is recommended.
(2) As for the research methods, qualitative methods are worth trying. In other hands, the researchers can trace the process of implementing the learning school by case study. Moreover, narratives, one of the qualitative methods, which emphasizes the importance of improving mental models and team learning, is highly recommended.
(3) As for the research subjects, community members and the stakeholders of the school can be invited.
(4) As for the research result, the strategies proposed by this study can be put into practice to verify its feasibility.

並列關鍵字

learning school ； strategy

參考文獻

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