抗戰時期第三勢力的發展－以民盟爲例

「中國民主同盟」，一個歷史名詞，但在中國顛連走向政黨政治的路程裡，它曾經是個希望，扮演為國家走上民主和平而努力的角色。從五四以降，各種社團，學會紛紛成立，帶動了社會大眾對於人民福祉與國家前途的關懷。這股蓬勃的力量，累積可觀的人力資源與理論根據，使得部份在政治上無法找到立足空間的團體，卻在民間「養精蓄銳」，逐漸形成不可輕忽的力量，所以當一旦適逢政治開放的時機，立刻足以集結成政黨勢力。「中國民主同盟」正是延續了此種知識份子熱衷社會與政治改良的力量，在內憂（國共紛爭）和外患（日本侵略）的環境中崛起，企圖走出不同於國共兩黨的「第三條道路」；但在國共兩黨夾擊及策略運用之下，民盟所能發揮的空間，愈來愈小，一步步地從超然的中間路線走向激烈的革命手段，從獨立的政治團體成為中共的附庸，其中轉變的意義與過程，不但展現了國共以外弱勢團體的意見與努力，同時也提供了國共勢力消長的一個面向的解釋。

關鍵字

中國民主同盟；民盟；第三勢力；第三條道路

並列摘要

The Chinese Democratic League, a historical term, was once a hopeful striving toward state democracy and peace on the path of Chinese politics of parties. Ever since the May-forth societal movement, diverse clubs and associations had initiated the mass concerns of social welfare and state promises. These societal forces had cultivated large amount of human resources and theoretical foundations, which grew into a force huge enough to survive conflicts that, at proper timing, they might get together with party forces. The Chinese Democratic League was such an intellectuals' force, bearing within enthusiasm toward societal and political renovation. However, national conflicts (between the National Party and Chinese Communist Party) and international troubles (from Japanese intrusion) led these societal forces beyond the two-party controversials; the Chinese Democratic League could not but be limited to less room, whose transcendental neutral path was thus switched to violent revolution. This transformation from independent political entity to Chinese-communist appendix presents not only the efforts and changes of the political minorities, but also delivers elaboration on the rise and fall of both the Nationalist party and Chinese communist party.