台灣花蓮地區壽豐溪颱風災害與水土保持損益研究

Cost and Benefit Study of Typhoon Disaster and Soil-Water Conservation Construction Upon Shoufong Stream Catchments, Hualien, Taiwan

游麗方(Li-Fang Yu) ； 陳紫娥(Zue-Er Chen)

《大漢學報》 23期 (2009/03) Pp. 143-162

https://doi.org/10.29704/JDIT.200903.0008

摘要

台灣花蓮位於兩大板塊擠壓的地理位置，地質地形脆弱，又受颱風豪雨等氣候條件之影響，易引發崩塌及土石流等災害，損毀農作物、住宅及道路橋樑等設施。本研究以花蓮縣境內壽豐溪集水區及影響區，調查地方報紙與相關機關自1949至2008年之颱風災害報導與水土保持工程施作資料，瞭解颱風造成壽豐溪集水區下游之公共工程、聚落及人命等災害損失狀況。分析結果顯示壽豐溪集水區範圍內過去發生之歷史災害，多屬於溪水暴漲使鐵路、堤防損毀及村落淹水，尚未造成人命傷亡。集水區內具有高潛在崩塌的條件，異常天候即有大量土石下移致災，直接成本為每年堤防毀損修復加高加強工程，初估約一億元，間接成本除砂石車造成24小時內的死亡交通事故約1.26億元，以及興建海堤與海岸離堤等工程，每年約一億元；在海岸侵蝕新社村等濱海土地及住家庭院崩落海底、土砂開採及運輸過程的飛灰污染等環境問題，本研究並不列入估價。直接效益為提供建築砂石材料是花蓮縣主要採砂的供應區，充裕地方自治歲收財源約三億元，間接效益為促進關連砂石業者的就業機會，約創造九億的總收入。

關鍵字

土石流 ； 壽豐溪集水區 ； 歷史災害 ； 間接成本 ； 間接效益

並列摘要

Hualien County, located on the eastern side of Taiwan, lies between two extruding plate tectonics thus creating a steep and vulnerable formation. Due to its frequent heavy rainfalls and other natural disasters, common characteristics resulted from their aftermath were: bank erosion, flood, corps loss, residential and highway structure damages. This study was to investigate the impacts of frequent typhoons around Shoufong stream catchments from the year of 1949 to 2008. Historical disaster data was collected from local newspapers, investigating governments, and other organizations. Results showed the primary aftermaths were a direct result of the flooding impacts causing damage to embankments, railways, and also flooding villages. Amazingly, there were no deaths reported. This study estimated the annual funding cost for repairing landslide damages alone was approximately one-hundred million dollars of Taiwanese currency. Indirect costs were estimated to be in the range of one hundred twenty-six million dollars which mainly covered human killed within 24 hours by traffic accidents. Costal erosion-control projects were also considered as a indirect cost which also around one hundred-million dollars. This study did not include the following conditions in the original estimate: sea shore property loss and air pollution issues resulting from sand and stone manufacturing operations. However, findings did show there was a primary profit of three-hundred million dollars which was directly linked to the sand and stone manufacturers who produce reconstruction materials for Hualien County. The external benefits created an improved employment status in the sand and stone manufacturers. The total external benefits resulted in an annual surplus of approximately nine-hundred million dollars.

並列關鍵字

debris flow ； Shoufong stream catchments ； historical disasters ； indirect costs ； external benefits

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