牡丹事件後之東部原住民族

牡丹戰役發生在1874年5月，三千六百名士兵在西鄉從道的領軍下，攻陷石門，殺害無數原住民並大肆燒毀其部落，迫使牡丹社原住民投降。牡丹事件後，才印證清廷對台灣雄厚的資源潛力毫無認知，與日本談判牡丹事件中，仍堅持原住民是「化外之民」，日人對台灣早在1602年就想占為己有，既然清廷表示與台灣無關隸屬關係，就視為天上掉下來之禮物並暗自竊喜，當時日本國內外有很多要務纏身，最後虧本的接受50萬兩之賠償金。從此日本人積極派專業人才蒐集有關人文、礦產、林木、軍情等之情資，清廷感受日本心懷不軌之行動，始知兹事體大，經沈葆禎建諫「開山撫番」政策，並著手從大陸移入大量之漢人墾發台灣，貫徹以「開山撫番」之名，行解除山禁擴展領域之實。自清廷開山撫番政策推動後，漢人大量侵入東部（後山）後，與當地原住民衝突事件才陸續爆發，但事端僅是一般官方通事或羅漢腳仔巧取豪奪原住民之土地、財產及性侵婦女等民事，不必動用全國大軍壓境，但司馬昭之心人人皆知，過當處理才釀造原住民為悍衞生命、財產、尊嚴而戰爭之慘烈的大港口(Cepolan)戰役、達固部灣(Takubuwan)或加禮宛(Kabalan)戰役，本文企圖由此戰役探討清朝政治及東部原住民往後坎坷之人權噩運。

關鍵字

噶瑪蘭事件Kabalan ；大港口事件Cepolan ；達固部灣事件Takubuwan

並列摘要

Mudan Battle took place in May 1874. During the war, 3600 soldiers, led by Saigo Tsugumichi, conquered Shimen, killing numerous aborigines and burning their villages. Mudan Incident proved that the Qing dynasty was so ignorant about Taiwan's natural resources and its importance. During the negotiation with the Japanese, the Qing dynasty did not realize the Japan's intention to seize Taiwan, so it did not consider the Taiwanese aborigines as its nationals. Finally, the Qing government paid an indemnity of 500000 taels in exchange of Japan's withdrawal. From then on, the Japanese began to conduct various surveys on Taiwan's culture, natural resources, and military capability. After realizing Japan's aggressiveness, the Qing dynasty decided to appoint Shen Baozhen to govern Taiwan. Shen's policy was known as ”penetrating mountains and pacifying aborigines policy,” which encouraged mainlanders to migrate to Taiwan and allowed them to cultivate lands once controlled by the government. The result of this policy was the massive migration of Han people to Eastern Taiwan. However, it had caused conflicts between Han people and aborigines. When Qing officials or Han people tried to occupy aborigines' lands and properties, the two sides often fought each other, causing wars such as the Cepolan Battle, the Takubuwan Battle, and the Kabalan Battle. This article analyzes the Qing dynasty's colonial policy and the human rights of eastern aborigines.