論《莊子．齊物論》的核心觀念與義旨

Zhuang Zi and "The Theory of the Equality of All Things"

王玉玫(Yu-Mei Wang)

《國立臺中科技大學通識教育學報》 1期 (2012/12) Pp. 17-27

https://doi.org/10.7052/JGE.201212.0017

摘要

莊子主張放下分別對立的成心與情識，以解消自我的有限性，從而使自己的生命得到超拔與提昇，進入無待的自由境界，並由此而型造天地人我的開放和諧。〈齊物論〉為莊書內七篇的第二篇，乃是莊子繼〈逍遙遊〉之後，所展現的哲學思維，其主要的核心觀念與義旨不外乎從〈逍遙遊〉之個人的精神自由範疇，提升到觀天下眾生皆如如平等的多元視野。從〈齊物論〉的論述結構，可以發現莊子在表述其思維的同時，擅長使用詭辭式的、反詰式的設問句法，以避免自己落入自己所欲打破的是非對立的窠臼，同時也維持著開放的思考空間。莊子作〈齊物論〉的最終目的固在「齊物」，但論述的起步和軸心則重在「齊論」。換句話說莊子是通過儒墨兩家的對立和化解，闡明平齊物議、泯除是非，因而能因是兩行，臻於道通為一的境界。莊子同時認為，唯有如此才能夠「忘年忘義，振於無境」自由逍遙於道境之中，也才能讓人間世成為安樂園。

關鍵字

天籟 ； 成心 ； 真宰 ； 兩行 ； 天府 ； 葆光 ； 物化

並列摘要

Zhuang Zi advocated respectively abolishing the opposition of prejudice, feeling and knowledge in order to resolve the limitations of the ego; doing so could help to enhance one's life and make it more prominent. As such, accessing the arena of the scenario of freedom is very helpful, and through said arena, one can create a world of openness and harmony between the heaven, earth, mankind, and self. ”The Theory of the Equality of All Things” is the second chapter from the seven chapters of ”Zhuang Zi”, and it relates Zhuang Zi's philosophical deliberation as found after the ”Wandering at Ease.” The core idea and belief of the book is enhancing the scope of spiritual freedom of the individual from ”Wandering at Ease” to a more diversified vision of viewing the world's multitude as being equal. From the discourse structure of ”The Theory of the Equality of All Things,” we can discover that when reflecting on himself, Zhuang Zi is very good at exploiting a sly and rhetorical style as questioning syntactic to avoid falling into the stereotype of right and wrong opposition that he wanted to break. At the same time, he would maintain an open space of deliberation. Though the ultimate objective of Zhuang Zi in ”The Theory of the Equality of All Things” is placed upon the ”adjustment of entities,” the focus of its start and its axis for discourse also rely on this issue. In other words, Zhuang Zi wanted to use the hostility and reconciliation of Confucius and Mohist schools to elaborate on the dispute of the adjustment of entities, as well as to eliminate right and wrong, so that one could achieve Liang-Xing and be consummated into the state of the diverse principle into one. Zhuang Zi also believed that only then can one achieve the mindset of ”forgetting year and righteousness, enhanced into context of selflessness” as one freely wanders into the Realm of Tao. Only then can the world of mankind be turned into a utopian world.

並列關鍵字

the sounds of nature ； intentionally ； the shaded light reification

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