老年生活品質概念與測量應用

The Concept and Measurement of Quality of Life in Elderly Population

李月萍(Yueh-Ping Li) ； 黃惠子(Hui-Tzu Huang)

《台灣老年醫學暨老年學雜誌》 9卷3期 (2014/08) Pp. 57-67

https://doi.org/10.29461/TGG.201408_9(3).0001

摘要

現今雖已有大量生活品質的相關研究文獻，但對生活品質的模式及測量工具，鮮少依據老人群體的特性而建立。故本文乃針對老年群體對生活品質的概念進行文獻彙整後，再進行相關測量表應用之簡介，以期供未來研究與臨床運用參考。文獻彙整結果發現老人之生活品質涉及身體健康、心理健康或調適、社會關係及連結、活動能力及參與、生活環境狀況、經濟保障、靈性或個人價值信念等七大層面，同時各層面呈現的內涵及比重會因各群體特性有所差異。在眾多測量工具中，較常運用於老人群體的測量工具包含健康相關生活品質、多層面整體生活品質及單題整體生活品質測量等三種，然而現今測量工具普遍存在的限制為，其工具發展多無法納入老人主觀觀點及無法區別個人對生活品質的判斷基準點差異。健康照護人員提供照護時，應考量老年群體特質選擇適合的評估工具，並應用觀察、會談等不同技巧進行多面向的評估，再給予個別性的措施，方能達到提升老人生活品質的目標。

關鍵字

老人 ； 生活品質

並列摘要

In spite of the extensive literature on quaility of life (QOL), there are seldom QOL assessment models or measurement tools based on the characteristics of elderly people. In this article, existing studies on QOL for the elderly are reviewed and some of the commonly used measurement scales are summarized for applications in future research and clinical practice. The literature review identifies seven major domains of QOL for elderly people: physical health, psychological health/adjustment, social relationship/connection, activity/participation, living conditions, material well-being, and spiritual/personal value. The context and proportion of each domain may vary with the characteristics of elderly people. The common tools used to measure QOL in older adults are health related QOL, multi-QOL and single item of overall QOL. Major limitations of most measurement tools include failure to accommodate the subjective perceptions of the surveyed older adults and inability to distinguish the differences in the baseline of individual QOL judgments. Therefore, to achieve the goal of promoting QOL for elderly people, health caregivers should choose a measurement tool capable of responding to the characteristics of individual older persons, conduct a multifaceted assessment by applying various evaluation strategies, such as observation and conversation, and provide appropriate and effective advice or treatment.

並列關鍵字

elderly ； quality of life