老年人熱急症的預防與照護

在夏季悶熱的天氣下，若沒有做好熱傷害的預防措施，有可能引至熱衰竭，如果不及時作出適當的處理，會導致極嚴重的熱中暑，造成多重器官衰竭和瀰漫性血管內凝血，甚至死亡。由於老化令身體對環境溫度的感知遲緩，排汗速度較慢和皮膚血流量亦較少，使老年人成為熱中暑的高危族群之一。在老年人身上常見的慢性疾病和一些特定的藥物能進一步削弱身體的恆溫能力。故此，有必要加強老年人認識熱傷害方面的宣導。當護理人員接觸到高危族群及其家屬時，可提供預防的熱傷害的衛教。而當面對疑似熱中暑病患時，能迅速辨識其嚴重性並提供初步處置。因此，本文旨在加深認識老年人熱衰竭和熱中暑的預防和照護，同時可作為對長者及其家人衛教的參考。

關鍵字

熱急症；熱衰竭；中暑；老年人

並列摘要

In the hot and humid summer weather, the development of heat exhaustion is possible if preventive measures against heat illness are not properly taken. Unless the situation is promptly and appropriately handled, serious heat stroke can lead to multiple organ failure, disseminated intravascular coagulation, or even death. Aging is associated with a reduced perception of ambient temperature and declining rates of perspiration and skin blood flow, thus rendering the elderly a high-risk group of heat stroke. Chronic diseases and the use of certain medications common among the older people can further weaken the body's ability to regulate thermal homeostasis. Therefore, it is necessary to promote the understanding of heat illness in older people. When taking care of them and consulting their families, nurses should provide education of heat injury prevention, help them identify the severity of heat illness, and initiate prompt treatment when facing suspected heat stroke patients. The aim of this article is to expand the understanding of the prevention and care of heat exhaustion and heat stroke in the older population. In addition, this article can serve as a basis for providing health education for the older people and their family members.

並列關鍵字

heat emergencies ； heat exhaustion ； heat stroke ； sun stroke ； elderly

國際替代計量

老年人熱急症的預防與照護

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