高雄市長期照護機構45歲以上中老年人口腔健康狀況調查

Oral Health Survey of Institutionalized Residents More than 45 Years Old in Kaohsiung

江典澄(Tien-Cheng Chiang) ； 黃純德(Shun-Te Huang) ； 李翠芬(Tsui-Fen Li) ； 陳弘森(Hong-Sen Chen)

《Taiwan Journal of Oral Medicine Sciences》 29卷2期 (2014/12) Pp. 157-176

摘要

背景：近年來老年人口大量增加勢必會突顯出許多長期照護的問題，不僅長照機構老年人常伴隨的身心障礙問題，許多潛在的口腔疾病也會慢慢顯露症狀。目的：針對高雄地區長期照護機構45歲以上住民進行口腔健康調查，以了解住民之口腔健康狀況，並探討與社會人口學和身體活動狀況之間的關係，進而瞭解身體活動狀況與口腔健康狀況之關係。方法：研究對象為45歲以上之長照機構住民，使用分層隨機抽樣方法，調查16間長照機構，共747人。研究工具包括結構式問卷、口腔健康狀況檢查表。統計方法有描述性統計、t檢定、卡方檢定、變異數分析及線性迴歸分析。結果：本調查得知男性333人（44.58%），女性414人（55.42%）。住民平均年齡為77.68±11.09歲。住民每人平均缺牙數為20.58±10.43顆，平均殘根數為2.21±3.81顆，平均之固定贋復體為3.06±5.25顆，全口無牙之比率為28.25%。缺牙數和全口無牙的影響因素為性別、年齡層、教育程度。住民達成8020（80歲以上擁有20顆以上有功能牙齒）之比率為3.08%。住民之牙菌斑指數平均（為1.86±0.88，牙齦狀況平均為2.13±0.92，牙結石指數平均為1.14±1.01。結論：高雄地區長期照護機構中，45歲以上住民的口腔健康狀況都不理想，牙齦炎和牙結石的狀況都很普遍，而且缺牙和全口無牙的情況更是嚴重。未來，長期照護針對口腔健康問題與口腔預防保健需求相當重要，有效及正確的口腔照護將可降低口腔疾病，預防口腔感染，增進口腔及整體健康。

關鍵字

長期照護機構 ； 口腔健康狀況缺牙

並列摘要

Background: Previous studies have shown widespread oral health problems among nursing home residents, including poor oral hygiene, high levels of dental needs and low rates of dental care utilization. Purpose: To report the oral health among residents in Kaohsiung City, and to evaluate the correlation between oral conditions and socio-demographic variables, as well as between oral conditions and daily activities variables. Methods: The 16 registered long-term care institutions of Kaohsiung City was selected at stratified random sampling, and 747 persons of their residents registered as people with disabilities and over 45 years old. The materials used in this research included structural sampling questionnaires, oral health status examinations. Statistical methodology included descriptive statistics, t-Test, Chi-square test, ANOVA and linear regression analyze. Results: The number of males was 333 and the number of females was 414, and the average of age was 77.68±11.09 years old. For the dentition status, the average number of missing teeth was 20.58±10.43 teeth per person, residual root was 2.21±3.81 teeth, and the average number of fixed prosthesis was 3.06±5.25 teeth. The rate of edentulous was 28.25%. For the missing teeth and edentulism, gender, age groups and education level showed statistically significant differences. The rate of residents who achieve 8020 was 3.08%. Plaque index was 1.86±0.88, gingival status was 2.13±0.92, calculus index was 1.14±1.01. Conclusion: This study has shown a lot of oral health problems among institutionalized residents, including poor oral hygiene, plaque, calculus, missing teeth and edentulism. In order to promote oral health for the institutionalized residents, the care givers and dental professionals' cooperation are necessary to help the residents to maintain good oral hygiene and raise the quality of life of the residents.

並列關鍵字

Long-term care institutions ； Oral health status ； Missing teeth