觀光夜市居民健康與居住環境品質之研究

根據觀光局來臺旅客消費及動向調查（2015），夜市是許多觀光客來台必去的景點之一。湧入的人潮造成環境髒亂、空氣品質差、人潮擁擠、交通堵塞等問題，這些問題是否影響居民的健康與居住環境品質？在不同背景因素下，居民對觀光夜市存在的立場為何？不同存在立場居民的健康與居住環境品質是否有差異？本研究使用結構式問卷，採用健康量表及居住環境品質量表，選擇蘆洲夜市為問卷發放地點，以管理委員會訂定之夜市範圍並延伸50 公尺內的居民為研究對象，透過立意取樣的方式，共回收248 份有效問卷。研究結果發現生理健康由高至低依序為生理功能、身體疼痛、生理角色、一般健康；心理健康方面由高至低依序為活力狀況、心智健康、社會功能、情緒角色；居住環境品質構面滿意程度依序為方便性、健康性、安全性、寧適性。此外，對觀光夜市不同存在立場的居民之健康與居住環境品質有顯著差異，而各存在立場對觀光夜市居民的生理健康之次構面中的生理角色、身體疼痛有顯著影響；心理健康則在次構面中的情緒角色有顯著影響。各存在立場對觀光夜市居民的居住環境品質之安全性、寧適性有顯著差異，健康性、便利性則無顯著差異。因此，建議相關單位應加強輔導居民情緒與改善居住環境寧適性，將能有效提升居民對觀光夜市的支持度。

關鍵字

觀光夜市；健康；居住環境品質

並列摘要

Statistics from the Tourism Bureau show that night markets are must-visit spots for many tourists who come to Taiwan. However, the influx of the crowds to night markets brings about dirty environments, poor air quality, crowded areas, traffic congestion and other problems. These problems may affect the health and environmental quality of nearby residents. A question that needs to be answered is that under different contexts, whether residents take different stances towards tourist night markets and whether such different stances determine the residents' health and environment quality. A structured questionnaire, incorporating the health scale and environment quality scale, was used in this study. The location is the Luzhou night market. The participants were nearby residents who lived within 50 meters of the night markets as determined by the night market management committee. Through the purposive sampling approach, a total of 248 valid questionnaires were collected. The study found that the summary of the residents' physical health in descending order is the physiological function, bodily pain, physical role, and general health; the summary of their mental health in descending order is vitality, mental health, social functioning, and emotional role. The ranking of the residents' satisfaction of environmental quality in order, is convenience, health, safety, and amenity. The results showed that there was significant difference of the health and environmental quality between residents with different attitudes towards tourist night markets. In addition, residents' different stances towards tourist night markets were found to have significant effect on physical role and bodily pain concerning physical health, and on emotional role concerning mental health. Their different stances also showed significant effect on safety and amenity but not on health and convenience. Therefore, it is suggested that the relevant organizations should be more aware and take care of strengthen counseling residents' emotions towards the night markets and improve their living conditions and amenity. Such measures will then effectively help tourist night markets to gain support from nearby residents.