觀光夜市對居民健康與居住環境品質之影響

台灣夜市被視為最具台灣代表性，根據觀光局統計資料顯示夜市是許多觀光客來台必去的景點。因觀光客不斷地湧入觀光夜市，使夜市越來越多攤販或商家佇立於此，但隨之而來是環境髒亂、空氣品質差、人潮擁擠、交通堵塞等因素使居住環境品質受到影響。因此本研究探討觀光夜市對居民健康與居住環境品質之影響，比較不同立場觀光夜市居民的健康與居住環境品質之差異與其原因。本研究使用結構式問卷，採用SF-12（健康）量表及居住環境品質量表，衡量居民的健康相關日常習性及居住環境品質進行資料收集。研究採用立意抽樣，地點為蘆洲夜市，對象為夜市管理委員會訂定之夜市範圍的周邊居民，採用描述性統計、信度分析、單因子變異數分析。初步分析結果，健康量表分生理、心理兩構面，平均數為48.1及50.1分，顯示生心理之狀況都趨近於良好狀態。居住環境品質量表分為健康性、安全性、便利性、寧適性等四構面，分數越低表示居住環境越差，在健康性的環境衛生面向平均數為2.94分，安全性的消防設施及治安狀況面向平均數均為2.94分，寧適性的環境安寧面向平均數為2.90分，結果顯示觀光夜市居民對於寧適性管理措施較不滿意。變異數分析結果發現健康之生理方面中，中立及反對的居民顯著差異高於非常贊成的居民，但在心理方面無顯差異，而在居住環境品質中，中立及反對的居民顯著差異高於非常贊成居民，且在健康性、安全性、寧適性等面向皆顯著差異，但在便利性無顯差異。針對不同支持立場居民之原因來探討，研究發現不同立場居民之中立及反對的原因大多都較不好的，例如觀光夜市會產生的噪音、環境衛生差等問題，反之，非常贊成與贊成居民的原因大多都較是好的，例如觀光夜市成為觀光景點、是台灣的特有文化、方便購物與吃東西，綜合以上原因，觀光夜市是一個台灣特有的文化，使居民購物、吃東西變得更方便，增加了居民的休閒活動，但同時也使居住環境品質變差。上述結果可作為觀光夜市管理委員會管理攤販商家之參考，企盼藉此提供未來規劃觀光夜市之了解，並且作為後續開發及管理模式之基石。

關鍵字

觀光夜市；居民；健康；居住環境品質

並列摘要

Night Markets are regarded as the places that represent Taiwan the most. Statistics from the Tourism Bureau show that many tourists who come to Taiwan will definitely visit night markets. Due to the continuous influx of tourists into Tourist Night Markets, Night Markets attract more and more vendors or businesses. However, what follows are dirty environment, poor air quality, crowded areas, traffic congestion and other factors that affect the environmental quality. This study also discussed whether Tourist Night Markets residents with different attitudes towards night markets reveal differences in their health and environmental quality. A structured questionnaire, incorporating the SF-12 scale (health scale) and living environment quality scale, was used in this study. The questionnaire was used to collect information of health-related daily habits and environmental quality of the residents. The study used purposive sampling. The location is the Luzhou night market. The participants were nearby residents who were within the area of the night market as determined by the night market management committee. Descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, and analysis of variance were used to analyze the data. The health scale show results two facets, physiological and psychological. Preliminary results of the analysis Mental status display of all close to good condition, with the means of 48.1 for the physiological facet and 50.1 for the psychological facet. The results shows that the tourist night market does not seem to have impact on the residents' health. The environment quality scale is divided into four facets, including health, safety, convenience, and suitability. The lower scores indicate worse environment quality. 'Environmental sanitation' of the health facet receives a mean of 2.94 points. 'Fire control facilities' and 'public security' of the security facet both have the means of 2.94 points. 'Quiet environment' of the suitability facet receives a mean of 2.90 points. The results showed Night Markets of the residents for the Quiet environment management measures to be more dissatisfied. The results of the analysis of variance found that there is no significant difference concerning physiological and psychological health between residents with different attitudes towards night markets. However, there is significant difference of environment quality between the residents, on the following items: air quality, environmental sanitation, drainage facilities, traffic safety, fire control facilities, public security, easiness to commute, quiet environment, privacy, space for walking, stall planning. Thus, the environmental quality is perceived as different for residents with different attitudes towards tourist night markets. To explore the reasons for the different resident of support for the position, study found that resident of different positions and neutral reasons for the objections are mostly less well, such as noise generated Tourist Night Markets, sanitation and poor, on the contrary, very much in favor and in favor of residents most are more good reasons, such as Night Markets become a popular tourist attraction, is Taiwan's unique culture, convenient shopping and eating, the above reasons, the Taiwan Tourism Night Markets is a unique culture, so that the residents shopping, eating more convenient increase the leisure activities of residents, but also that the environmental quality was deteriorated. The results can be used as a reference for night markets management committee in managing vendors. It is hoped that this study provides a basis for future planning, development and management of tourist nigh markets.